a Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry , Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden.
b Fiber and Polymer Technology Department , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm , Sweden.
Nanotoxicology. 2018 Aug;12(6):509-521. doi: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1464229. Epub 2018 May 6.
Cellulose nanofibril (CNF)-based materials are increasingly used in industrial and commercial applications. However, the impacts of CNF on aquatic life are poorly understood, and there are concerns regarding their potential toxicity. Using a combination of standard ecotoxicological tests and feeding experiments, we assessed the effects of CNF exposure (0.206-20.6 mg/L) on the feeding (food uptake and gut residence time) and life-history traits (growth and reproduction) in the cladoceran Daphnia magna. No mortality was observed in a 48 h acute exposure at 2060 mg/L. Moreover, a 21-day exposure at low food and moderate CNF levels induced a stimulatory effect on growth, likely driven by increased filtration efficiency, and, possibly, partial assimilation of the CNF by the animals. However, at low food levels and the highest CNF concentrations, growth and reproduction were negatively affected. These responses were linked to caloric restriction caused by dilution of the food source, but not an obstruction of the alimentary canal. Finally, no apparent translocation of CNF past the alimentary canal was detected. We conclude that CNF displays a low toxic potential to filter-feeding organisms and the expected environmental risks are low.
基于纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）的材料越来越多地应用于工业和商业领域。然而，CNF 对水生生物的影响尚未被充分了解，人们对其潜在毒性表示担忧。本研究采用标准生态毒理学测试和摄食实验相结合的方法，评估了 CNF 暴露（0.206-20.6mg/L）对大型溞（Daphnia magna）摄食（食物摄取和肠道停留时间）和生活史特征（生长和繁殖）的影响。在 2060mg/L 的 48 小时急性暴露中，未观察到死亡率。此外，在低食物和中等 CNF 水平下暴露 21 天会刺激生长，这可能是由于过滤效率提高所致，并且 CNF 可能被动物部分同化。然而，在低食物水平和最高 CNF 浓度下，生长和繁殖受到负面影响。这些反应与食物源稀释引起的热量限制有关，但不是肠道阻塞所致。最后，没有检测到 CNF 明显穿过消化道的转移。本研究得出结论，CNF 对滤食性生物的毒性潜力较低，预计环境风险较低。
