Chen Qian, Ding Ning, Zhu Zhan Ling, Peng Ling, Ge Shun Feng, Jiang Yuan Mao
College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2017 Jul 18;28(7):2239-2246. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201707.005.
Two-year-old potted Fuji 3 apple trees on different rootstocks [Fuji 3/M. micromalus Makin (joe), Fuji 3/M7 (semi-dwarf) and Fuji 3/M26/M. micromalus Makin (dwarf)] were used to study leaf morphology and photosynthesis and the characteristics of distribution and utilization of C and N at different nitrogen supply levels (0N, 25%N and 100%N, the N content in 100% N treatment was the same as that in Hoagland complete nutrient solution) under sand culture condition. The main results were as follows: At shoot growth cessation stage in autumn, the leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD), leaf nitrogen content and photosynthetic rate were found the highest in Fuji 3/M. micromalus Makin, followed by Fuji 3/M7, and the lowest was found in Fuji 3/M26/M. micromalus Makin under the same nitrogen stress treatments (0N and 25%N), however, under normal nitrogen treatment (100%N) Fuji 3/M26/M. micromalus Makin had the highest leaf SPAD value, photosynthetic rate and the nitrogen content, followed by Fuji 3/M7, and the lowest was found in Fuji 3/M. micromalus Makin. The leaf SOD and CAT activities showed Fuji 3/M. micromalus Makin > Fuji 3/M7 > Fuji 3/M26/M. micromalus Makin under the same nitrogen stress treatments, but showed Fuji 3/M26/M. micromalus Makin > Fuji 3/M7 > Fuji 3/M. micromalus Makin under the normal nitrogen treatment. There were significant differences in the distributions of N and C in root and leaf in the 3 scion-stock combinations, and the distribution rates of N and C in roots were the highest under nitrogen stress treatments and in the order of Fuji 3/M. micromalus Makin > Fuji 3/M7 > Fuji 3/M26/M. micromalus Makin. The distribution rates of N and C in leaves were the highest under the normal nitrogen treatment and in the order of Fuji 3/M26/M. micromalus Makin > Fuji 3/M7 > Fuji 3/M. micromalus Makin. The N utilization ratio differed significantly among the 3 scion-stock combinations under different nitrogen application levels and was in the order of Fuji 3/M. micromalus Makin (44.3%, 37.5% and 31.4%)> Fuji 3/M7 (38.8%,30.7% and 26.6%) > Fuji 3/M26/M. micromalus Makin (32.0%,27.2% and 22.5%).
以两年生盆栽富士3苹果树（嫁接在不同砧木上，分别为富士3/楸子（乔化）、富士3/M7（半矮化）和富士3/M26/楸子（矮化））为试材，在砂培条件下研究了不同供氮水平（0N、25%N和100%N，100%N处理的氮含量与Hoagland完全营养液中的氮含量相同）下叶片形态、光合特性以及碳氮分配和利用特征。主要结果如下：在秋季新梢停长时，相同氮胁迫处理（0N和25%N）下，富士3/楸子叶片叶绿素含量（SPAD）、叶片含氮量和光合速率最高，其次是富士3/M7，富士3/M26/楸子最低；而在正常供氮处理（100%N）下，富士3/M26/楸子叶片SPAD值、光合速率和含氮量最高，其次是富士3/M7，富士3/楸子最低。相同氮胁迫处理下，叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性表现为富士3/楸子>富士3/M7>富士3/M26/楸子；正常供氮处理下则表现为富士3/M26/楸子>富士3/M7>富士3/楸子。3种砧穗组合根系和叶片中氮、碳分配存在显著差异，氮胁迫处理下根系氮、碳分配率最高，且顺序为富士3/楸子>富士3/M7>富士3/M26/楸子；正常供氮处理下叶片氮、碳分配率最高，顺序为富士3/M26/楸子>富士3/M7>富士3/楸子。不同施氮水平下，3种砧穗组合的氮素利用率差异显著，顺序为富士3/楸子（44.3%、37.5%和31.4%）>富士3/M7（38.8%、30.7%和26.6%）>富士3/M26/楸子（32.0%、27.2%和22.5%）。
