School of PhD Studies, Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Health Science Research, Semmelweis University, 26 Üllői Street, Budapest, 1085, Hungary.
Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary.
BMC Public Health. 2018 May 9;18(1):611. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5530-6.
There have been previous representative nutritional status surveys conducted in Hungary, but this is the first one that examines overweight and obesity prevalence according to the level of urbanization and in different geographic regions among 6-8-year-old children. We also assessed whether these variations were different by sex.
This survey was part of the fourth data collection round of World Health Organization (WHO) Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative which took place during the academic year 2016/2017. The representative sample was determined by two-stage cluster sampling. A total of 5332 children (48.4% boys; age 7.54 ± 0.64 years) were measured from all seven geographic regions including urban (at least 500 inhabitants per square kilometer; n = 1598), semi-urban (100 to 500 inhabitants per square kilometer; n = 1932) and rural (less than 100 inhabitants per square kilometer; n = 1802) areas.
Using the WHO reference, prevalence of overweight and obesity within the whole sample were 14.2, and 12.7%, respectively. According to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) reference, rates were 12.6 and 8.6%. Northern Hungary and Southern Transdanubia were the regions with the highest obesity prevalence of 11.0 and 12.0%, while Central Hungary was the one with the lowest obesity rate (6.1%). The prevalence of overweight and obesity tended to be higher in rural areas (13.0 and 9.8%) than in urban areas (11.9 and 7.0%). Concerning differences in sex, girls had higher obesity risk in rural areas (OR = 2.0) but boys did not. Odds ratios were 2.0-3.4 in different regions for obesity compared to Central Hungary, but only among boys.
Overweight and obesity are emerging problems in Hungary. Remarkable differences were observed in the prevalence of obesity by geographic regions. These variations can only be partly explained by geographic characteristics.
Study protocol was approved by the Scientific and Research Ethics Committee of the Medical Research Council ( 61158-2/2016/EKU ).
匈牙利曾进行过多次具有代表性的营养状况调查，但这是第一次根据城市化水平和不同地理区域，对 6-8 岁儿童的超重和肥胖流行情况进行调查。我们还评估了这些差异是否存在性别差异。
本调查是世界卫生组织（WHO）儿童肥胖监测倡议第四次数据收集回合的一部分，该调查于 2016-2017 学年进行。采用两阶段整群抽样确定代表性样本。从包括城市（每平方公里至少有 500 名居民；n=1598）、半城市（每平方公里 100-500 名居民；n=1932）和农村（每平方公里不到 100 名居民；n=1802）在内的七个地理区域共测量了 5332 名儿童（48.4%为男孩；年龄 7.54±0.64 岁）。
使用世卫组织参考标准，整个样本中超重和肥胖的患病率分别为 14.2%和 12.7%。根据国际肥胖工作组（IOTF）参考标准，这两个比例分别为 12.6%和 8.6%。匈牙利北部和南部特兰西瓦尼亚是肥胖率最高的地区，分别为 11.0%和 12.0%，而匈牙利中部的肥胖率最低（6.1%）。农村地区超重和肥胖的患病率（13.0%和 9.8%）高于城市地区（11.9%和 7.0%）。关于性别差异，农村地区女孩肥胖风险较高（OR=2.0），但男孩没有。与匈牙利中部相比，肥胖在不同地区的比值比为 2.0-3.4，但仅在男孩中如此。
超重和肥胖在匈牙利是新出现的问题。肥胖的流行在地理区域上存在显著差异。这些差异只能部分通过地理特征来解释。
研究方案已获得匈牙利医学研究理事会科学和伦理委员会的批准（61158-2/2016/EKU）。
