Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Care and Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2018 Jul;31(4):333-341. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000432.
To discuss the health risks due to exposure to alcohol, illegal drugs and nicotine and how these risks might be reduced.
In 2016, worldwide, alcohol, illegal drugs and nicotine were responsible for some 10 million deaths. There is evolutionary and biological evidence that humans are predisposed to consuming alcohol, illegal drugs and nicotine - present-day problems are caused by high levels of potency, exposure and drug delivery systems. The two priority substances for action are alcohol and smoked cigarettes; their exposure can be reduced by price increases, setting minimum prices per product, regulating a shift form smoked cigarettes to electronic nicotine delivery devices and, theoretically, reducing the ethanol content of existing beverages. Legalization of cannabis requires a strict regulatory framework.
Purposeful policy can reduce the harm done by alcohol, illegal drugs and nicotine. In particular, policy to reduce exposure to alcohol requires considerable strengthening.
讨论接触酒精、非法药物和尼古丁对健康的危害，以及如何降低这些风险。
2016 年，全球范围内，酒精、非法药物和尼古丁导致约 1000 万人死亡。有进化和生物学证据表明，人类天生就有摄取酒精、非法药物和尼古丁的倾向——目前的问题是由于高效力、高暴露和药物输送系统造成的。需要优先采取行动的两种物质是酒精和香烟；可以通过提高价格、设定每个产品的最低价格、将吸烟向电子烟转移以及理论上降低现有饮料中的乙醇含量来减少其暴露。大麻合法化需要严格的监管框架。
有针对性的政策可以减少酒精、非法药物和尼古丁造成的危害。特别是，减少酒精暴露的政策需要大力加强。
