WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne.
Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
J Infect Dis. 2018 Jul 2;218(3):406-417. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy184.
Epidemiological studies have observed that the seasonal peak incidence of influenza virus infection is sometimes separate from the peak incidence of human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) infection, with the peak incidence of hRSV infection delayed. This is proposed to be due to viral interference, whereby infection with one virus prevents or delays infection with a different virus. We investigated viral interference between hRSV and 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus (A[H1N1]pdm09) in the ferret model. Infection with A(H1N1)pdm09 prevented subsequent infection with hRSV. Infection with hRSV reduced morbidity attributed to infection with A(H1N1)pdm09 but not infection, even when an increased inoculum dose of hRSV was used. Notably, infection with A(H1N1)pdm09 induced higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and immune mediators in the ferret than hRSV. Minimal cross-reactive serological responses or interferon γ-expressing cells were induced by either virus ≥14 days after infection. These data indicate that antigen-independent mechanisms may drive viral interference between unrelated respiratory viruses that can limit subsequent infection or disease.
流行病学研究观察到，流感病毒感染的季节性高峰发病时间有时与人类呼吸道合胞病毒（hRSV）感染的高峰发病时间不同，hRSV 感染的高峰发病时间延迟。这被认为是由于病毒干扰，即一种病毒的感染可以预防或延迟另一种病毒的感染。我们在雪貂模型中研究了 hRSV 和 2009 年大流行性流感 A（H1N1）病毒（A[H1N1]pdm09）之间的病毒干扰。A（H1N1）pdm09 的感染可预防随后的 hRSV 感染。hRSV 的感染降低了归因于 A（H1N1）pdm09 感染的发病率，但不能降低感染率，即使使用了更高剂量的 hRSV 接种物。值得注意的是，与 hRSV 相比，A（H1N1）pdm09 在雪貂中诱导更高水平的促炎细胞因子、趋化因子和免疫介质。感染后至少 14 天，两种病毒均未诱导出具有交叉反应性的血清学反应或干扰素 γ 表达细胞。这些数据表明，非抗原依赖性机制可能驱动不相关的呼吸道病毒之间的病毒干扰，从而限制随后的感染或疾病。
