Idaho Water Resources Research Institute, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, MS 3002, Moscow, ID, 83843, USA.
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, 1110 S. 67th Street, Omaha, NE, 681822-0178, USA.
Curr Environ Health Rep. 2018 Jun;5(2):225-232. doi: 10.1007/s40572-018-0197-9.
Growth-enhancing chemicals used by the beef and dairy industries may be bioavailable to humans via milk, meat, and other environmental matrices. This review evaluates the potential for environmental transport and bioavailability of the active chemical to humans.
Bovine somatostatin is detectable in milk; however, there is no evidence that the protein persists in the environment nor that it is active in humans. In contrast, steroids are transported through milk and meat to humans where they may exert biological activity. Furthermore, environmental matrices such as raw water and dust may also allow for the environmental transport and bioavailability of steroids to humans. Endogenous and exogenous steroids can be found in the meat, milk, and waste materials produced by cattle. While the concentrations may be low, exposure to these matrices, most notably dairy products made with whole milk, can be a source of exogenous steroids to humans.
牛肉和奶制品行业使用的促进生长的化学物质可能通过牛奶、肉类和其他环境基质对人类具有生物可利用性。本综述评估了活性化学物质向人类环境迁移和生物利用的潜力。
牛生长抑素可在牛奶中检测到；然而，没有证据表明该蛋白质在环境中存在，也没有证据表明它在人类中具有活性。相比之下，类固醇通过牛奶和肉类转移到人类体内，在那里它们可能发挥生物活性。此外，诸如原水和灰尘等环境基质也可能允许类固醇向人类的环境迁移和生物利用。内源性和外源性类固醇可以在牛产生的肉类、牛奶和废物中找到。虽然浓度可能较低，但接触这些基质，尤其是用全脂牛奶制成的乳制品，可能是人类外源性类固醇的来源。
