Meyer Zianka, Höflich Christine, Wirthgen Elisa, Olm Sven, Hammon Harald M, Hoeflich Andreas
Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.
Ligandis GbR, Gülzow-Prüzen, Germany.
Growth Horm IGF Res. 2017 Aug;35:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ghir.2017.05.004. Epub 2017 May 12.
IGFs and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are abundantly present in milk and in dairy products. Compared to the IGFs, the IGFBP have received less attention in milk, although truncated IGFBPs and IGFBP-glycosylation have been described in milk. Thereby, complex control of local IGF-effects can be assumed on the levels of IGFBPs, proteases, and protease inhibitors. The present review collects the current knowledge both on presence and regulation of IGFs and IGFBPs in milk particularly from dairy animal species. As a rule higher levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBPs are measured around parturition if compared to later time-points of lactation. In all farm animal species included in this review, it is found that the relative abundancies of IGFBPs in milk and serum are similar, with IGFBP-3 and -2 characterized by higher concentrations if compared to IGFBP-4 or -5. The concentrations of IGFs and IGFBPs in milk or dairy products can be altered by hormones, dairy processing, or fermentation. Because milk can be used for non-invasive biomarker research, quality management, and health monitoring, we discuss novel directions of IGF-analysis and potential on-site biomarker research in milk.
胰岛素样生长因子（IGFs）和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白（IGFBPs）大量存在于牛奶和乳制品中。与IGFs相比，IGFBPs在牛奶中受到的关注较少，尽管牛奶中已发现有截短的IGFBPs和IGFBPs糖基化现象。因此，可以推测IGFBPs、蛋白酶和蛋白酶抑制剂水平对局部IGF效应具有复杂的调控作用。本综述收集了目前关于牛奶中IGFs和IGFBPs的存在情况及调控方面的知识，特别是来自奶牛品种的相关知识。通常情况下，与泌乳后期的时间点相比，在分娩前后测得的IGF-I、IGF-II和IGFBPs水平更高。在本综述所涵盖的所有农场动物物种中，发现牛奶和血清中IGFBPs的相对丰度相似，与IGFBP-4或-5相比，IGFBP-3和-2的浓度更高。牛奶或乳制品中IGFs和IGFBPs的浓度可因激素作用、乳制品加工或发酵而改变。由于牛奶可用于非侵入性生物标志物研究、质量管理和健康监测，我们讨论了IGF分析的新方向以及牛奶中潜在的现场生物标志物研究。
