Duplouy Anne, Hornett Emily A
Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
PeerJ. 2018 May 8;6:e4629. doi: 10.7717/peerj.4629. eCollection 2018.
The Lepidoptera is one of the most widespread and recognisable insect orders. Due to their remarkable diversity, economic and ecological importance, moths and butterflies have been studied extensively over the last 200 years. More recently, the relationship between Lepidoptera and their heritable microbial endosymbionts has received increasing attention. Heritable endosymbionts reside within the host's body and are often, but not exclusively, inherited through the female line. Advancements in molecular genetics have revealed that host-associated microbes are both extremely prevalent among arthropods and highly diverse. Furthermore, heritable endosymbionts have been repeatedly demonstrated to play an integral role in many aspects of host biology, particularly host reproduction. Here, we review the major findings of research of heritable microbial endosymbionts of butterflies and moths. We promote the Lepidoptera as important models in the study of reproductive manipulations employed by heritable endosymbionts, with the mechanisms underlying male-killing and feminisation currently being elucidated in moths and butterflies. We also reveal that the vast majority of research undertaken of Lepidopteran endosymbionts concerns . While this highly prevalent bacterium is undoubtedly important, studies should move towards investigating the presence of other, and interacting endosymbionts, and we discuss the merits of examining the microbiome of Lepidoptera to this end. We finally consider the importance of understanding the influence of endosymbionts under global environmental change and when planning conservation management of endangered Lepidoptera species.
鳞翅目是分布最广、辨识度最高的昆虫目之一。由于其显著的多样性、经济和生态重要性，在过去200年里，飞蛾和蝴蝶受到了广泛研究。最近，鳞翅目与其可遗传的微生物内共生体之间的关系受到了越来越多的关注。可遗传的内共生体存在于宿主体内，通常（但并非唯一）通过母系遗传。分子遗传学的进展表明，与宿主相关的微生物在节肢动物中极为普遍且高度多样。此外，可遗传的内共生体已被反复证明在宿主生物学的许多方面发挥着不可或缺的作用，尤其是在宿主繁殖方面。在此，我们综述了蝴蝶和飞蛾可遗传微生物内共生体的主要研究发现。我们将鳞翅目作为研究可遗传内共生体所采用的生殖操纵的重要模型加以推广，目前飞蛾和蝴蝶中雄性致死和雌性化的潜在机制正在得到阐明。我们还揭示，目前对鳞翅目内共生体的绝大多数研究都集中在[此处原文缺失相关内容]。虽然这种极为普遍的细菌无疑很重要，但研究应转向调查其他相互作用的内共生体是否存在，为此我们讨论了研究鳞翅目微生物组的益处。我们最后考虑了在全球环境变化以及规划濒危鳞翅目物种的保护管理时，了解内共生体影响的重要性。
