Brown-Jaque Maryury, Rodriguez Oyarzun Lirain, Cornejo-Sánchez Thais, Martín-Gómez Maria T, Gartner Silvia, de Gracia Javier, Rovira Sandra, Alvarez Antonio, Jofre Joan, González-López Juan J, Muniesa Maite
Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Front Microbiol. 2018 May 1;9:856. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00856. eCollection 2018.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic disease in which the bacterial colonization of the lung is linked to an excessive inflammatory response that leads to respiratory failure. The microbiology of CF is complex. is the first bacterium to colonize the lungs in 30% of pediatric CF patients, and 80% of adult patients develop a chronic infection, but other microorganisms can also be found. The use of antibiotics is essential to treat the disease, but antibiotic performance is compromised by resistance mechanisms. Among various mechanisms of transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), the recently been reported bacteriophages are the least explored in clinical settings. To determine the role of phages in CF as mobile genetic elements (MGEs) carrying ARGs, we evaluated their presence in 71 CF patients. 71 sputum samples taken from these patients were screened for eight ARGs (, -group, -group, , , , , and ) in the bacteriophage DNA fraction. The phages found were also purified and observed by electron microscopy. 32.4% of CF patients harbored ARGs in phage DNA. β-lactamase genes, particularly and , were the most prevalent and abundant, whereas , , and were very rare. phage particles capable of infecting and were detected in CF sputum. Phage particles harboring ARGs were found to be abundant in the lungs of both CF patients and healthy individuals and could contribute to the colonization of multiresistant strains.
囊性纤维化（CF）是一种慢性疾病，肺部细菌定植与过度炎症反应相关，进而导致呼吸衰竭。CF的微生物学情况复杂。在30%的儿科CF患者中，[具体细菌名称1]是最早定植于肺部的细菌，80%的成年患者会发生慢性[具体细菌名称1]感染，但也能发现其他微生物。使用抗生素对治疗该疾病至关重要，但抗生素的疗效因耐药机制而受到影响。在抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）转移的各种机制中，最近报道的噬菌体在临床环境中研究最少。为了确定噬菌体作为携带ARGs的移动遗传元件（MGEs）在CF中的作用，我们评估了71例CF患者体内噬菌体的存在情况。从这些患者采集的71份痰液样本在噬菌体DNA部分中针对8种ARGs（[具体基因名称1]、[具体基因名称2]、[具体基因名称3]、[具体基因名称4]、[具体基因名称5]、[具体基因名称6]、[具体基因名称7]和[具体基因名称8]）进行了筛查。所发现的噬菌体也进行了纯化并通过电子显微镜观察。32.4%的CF患者在噬菌体DNA中携带ARGs。β-内酰胺酶基因，尤其是[具体基因名称9]和[具体基因名称10]，最为普遍和丰富，而[具体基因名称11]、[具体基因名称12]和[具体基因名称13]则非常罕见。在CF痰液中检测到了能够感染[具体细菌名称2]和[具体细菌名称3]的噬菌体颗粒。在CF患者和健康个体的肺部均发现携带ARGs的噬菌体颗粒丰富，并且可能有助于多重耐药菌株的定植。
