Greaves Mel, Hughes William
Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, Brookes Lawley Building, London SM2 5NG, UK.
School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
Evol Med Public Health. 2018 Apr 14;2018(1):106-115. doi: 10.1093/emph/eoy011. eCollection 2018.
Cancer cells have a parasitic propensity in the primary host but their capacity to transit between individuals is severely restrained by two factors: a lack of a route for viable cell transfer and immune recognition in allogeneic, secondary recipients. Several examples of transmissible animal cancers are now recognised. In humans, the only natural route for transmission is via the haemochorial placenta which is permissive for cell traffic. There are three special examples of this occurring : maternal to foetus, intraplacental twin to twin leukaemias and choriocarcinoma-extra-embryonic cells to mother. We discuss the rare circumstances under which such transmission occurs.
癌细胞在原发宿主中具有寄生倾向，但它们在个体间转移的能力受到两个因素的严重限制：缺乏可行的细胞转移途径以及在异基因的次级受体中存在免疫识别。现在已经认识到几种可传播的动物癌症实例。在人类中，唯一的自然传播途径是通过允许细胞通行的血绒毛膜胎盘。这种情况有三个特殊例子：母体传给胎儿、胎盘内双胞胎之间的白血病以及绒毛膜癌（胚外细胞传给母亲）。我们讨论了发生这种传播的罕见情况。
