Brugger Daniel, Windisch Wilhelm M
Chair of Animal Nutrition, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
Anim Nutr. 2017 Jun;3(2):103-108. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.03.002. Epub 2017 Mar 24.
Practical diets for monogastric livestock must be supplemented with zinc (Zn) due to their high contents of antagonistic substances like phytates. Current feeding recommendations include quite generous safety margins because of uncertainties regarding the gross Zn requirements under varying rearing conditions. Furthermore, the use of pharmacological Zn doses to stabilise animal performance and wellbeing is widespread. Taken together, modern diets for pigs and poultry contain considerably more Zn than necessary to meet animal requirements, which is associated with concerns related to the environment as well as animal and consumer safety. Therefore, European authorities most recently reduced the allowed upper limits for Zn in complete feed. To maintain animal productivity and wellbeing while reducing the Zn load in complete feed, all measures that stabilize feed Zn bioavailability must be applied. Most importantly, reliable information on the gross Zn requirement under practical conditions must be provided, considering the bioavailability of native or supplemented feed Zn, antagonisms with dietary factors as well as the physiological status of the animal.
由于单胃家畜的日粮中含有大量如植酸盐等拮抗物质，因此必须对其实际日粮补充锌（Zn）。由于不同饲养条件下总锌需求量存在不确定性，当前的饲养建议包含了相当大的安全边际。此外，使用药理剂量的锌来稳定动物生产性能和健康状况的做法很普遍。综合来看，现代猪和家禽日粮中含有的锌量大大超过满足动物需求所需的量，这引发了对环境以及动物和消费者安全的担忧。因此，欧洲当局最近降低了全价饲料中锌的允许上限。为了在降低全价饲料中锌含量的同时维持动物生产力和健康状况，必须采取所有能够稳定饲料锌生物利用率的措施。最重要的是，必须提供关于实际条件下总锌需求量的可靠信息，同时要考虑天然或添加饲料锌的生物利用率、与日粮因素的拮抗作用以及动物的生理状态。
