Shurson Gerald C, Urriola Pedro E, Hung Yuan-Tai
Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Devenish Nutrition, Fairmont, MN 56031, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Nov 30;12(23):3374. doi: 10.3390/ani12233374.
The objectives of this review were to summarize current knowledge of Zn in swine nutrition, environmental concerns, potential contribution to antimicrobial resistance, and explore the use of alternative feeding strategies to reduce Zn excretion in manure while capturing improvements in productivity. Zinc is a required nutrient for pigs but is commonly supplemented at concentrations that greatly exceed estimated requirements. Feeding pharmacological concentrations of Zn from ZnO to pigs for 1 to 2 weeks post-weaning reduces post-weaning diarrhea and improves growth performance. Feeding elevated dietary levels of Zn to sows during the last 30 days of gestation can reduce the incidence of low-birth-weight pigs and pre-weaning mortality. Most of the dietary Zn consumed by pigs is not retained in the body and is subsequently excreted in manure, which led several countries to impose regulations restricting dietary Zn concentrations to reduce environmental impacts. Although restricting Zn supplementation in swine diets is a reasonable approach for reducing environmental pollution, it does not allow capturing health and productivity benefits from strategic use of elevated dietary Zn concentrations. Therefore, we propose feeding strategies that allow strategic use of high dietary concentrations of Zn while also reducing Zn excretion in manure compared with current feeding practices.
本综述的目的是总结当前关于猪营养中锌的知识、环境问题、对抗菌素耐药性的潜在影响，并探索使用替代喂养策略来减少粪便中锌的排泄，同时提高生产性能。锌是猪必需的营养素，但通常以大大超过估计需求量的浓度进行补充。在断奶后给猪饲喂1至2周的高剂量氧化锌可减少断奶后腹泻并改善生长性能。在妊娠最后30天给母猪饲喂高剂量的锌可降低低出生体重仔猪的发生率和断奶前死亡率。猪摄入的大部分日粮锌并未保留在体内，而是随后随粪便排出，这导致几个国家实施法规限制日粮锌浓度以减少对环境的影响。虽然限制猪日粮中的锌补充是减少环境污染的合理方法，但它无法从战略使用高剂量日粮锌中获取健康和生产性能方面的益处。因此，我们提出了一些喂养策略，这些策略既能战略使用高剂量日粮锌，又能与当前喂养方式相比减少粪便中锌的排泄。
