Lindsay L R, Ogden N H, Schofield S W
National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB.
Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC.
Can Commun Dis Rep. 2015 Jun 4;41(6):146-153. doi: 10.14745/ccdr.v41i06a04.
Cases of Lyme disease and areas with self-sustaining populations of vector ticks are increasing in Canada. This trend is expected to continue. Preventing Lyme disease will therefore become relevant to an increasing number of Canadians.
To summarize methods for reducing the risk of tick bites and preventing transmission once a tick is feeding.
A literature search was conducted to identify methods to reduce the risk of tick bites and the abundance of vector ticks, as well as the risk of becoming infected with the Lyme disease pathogen, (BB), if bitten by a vector tick.
Current approaches to reducing the risk of tick bites or preventing infection with BB once bitten are largely reliant on the individual. They include use of topical repellents, use of protective clothing, avoidance of risk areas and removing ticks soon (ideally within a day) after they attach. These methods are efficacious, but constrained by user adherence. Other approaches such as landscape modification or the use of acaricides to control ticks, have shown promise in other countries, but have not been widely adopted in Canada.
Lyme disease will continue to present a threat in Canada. In additional to the existing interventions for prevention of tick bites and Lyme disease, there is a need for new tools to help reduce the risk of Lyme disease to Canadians.
在加拿大，莱姆病病例以及媒介蜱虫能够自我维持种群数量的地区正在增加。预计这一趋势将持续下去。因此，预防莱姆病对越来越多的加拿大人来说将变得至关重要。
总结降低蜱虫叮咬风险以及在蜱虫叮咬时预防传播的方法。
进行文献检索，以确定降低蜱虫叮咬风险和媒介蜱虫数量的方法，以及被媒介蜱虫叮咬后感染莱姆病病原体（伯氏疏螺旋体）的风险。
目前降低蜱虫叮咬风险或在被叮咬后预防感染伯氏疏螺旋体的方法很大程度上依赖个人。这些方法包括使用外用驱虫剂、穿着防护服、避开风险区域以及在蜱虫附着后尽快（理想情况是在一天内）清除蜱虫。这些方法有效，但受使用者依从性的限制。其他方法，如景观改造或使用杀螨剂来控制蜱虫，在其他国家已显示出前景，但在加拿大尚未广泛采用。
莱姆病在加拿大仍将构成威胁。除了现有的预防蜱虫叮咬和莱姆病的干预措施外，还需要新的工具来帮助降低加拿大人感染莱姆病的风险。
