University of Washington.
Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2018 May;32(3):338-349. doi: 10.1037/adb0000360.
Multiple studies indicate that implicit alcohol-related associations (i.e., indices of relatively fast, spontaneous processes) predict drinking. An important next step is to investigate moderators of the implicit association-drinking relationship. Mood state has been proposed as a moderator of this relationship: implicit associations have been theorized to be stronger predictors of drinking under positive mood states. From the same theoretical perspective, explicit measures (indices of relatively slow, reflective processes) have been proposed to be stronger predictors of drinking under negative mood states. The current study evaluated these hypotheses by investigating whether mood state (manipulated via exposure to a brief video clip) moderated the relations between three types of implicit alcohol-related associations (alcohol excite, alcohol approach, and drinking identity), their explicit counterparts, and drinking in a taste test that included beer and soft drinks. A sample of 152 undergraduate social drinkers (81 men; 71 women) completed baseline measures of implicit alcohol-related associations, their explicit counterparts, and typical drinking behaviors. Participants then viewed a mood-state-inducing video clip (positive, neutral, or negative), and completed the taste test. Results were mixed but generally indicated that prediction of drinking by baseline implicit alcohol excite (but not alcohol approach or drinking identity) associations was moderated by mood. Specifically, implicit alcohol excite associations were more negatively associated with drinking after viewing the sad video and more positively associated with drinking after watching the happy/neutral video. Moderation was also observed for the explicit counterpart of alcohol excite. Findings are discussed in terms of models of negative reinforcement drinking. (PsycINFO Database Record
多项研究表明，内隐的与酒精相关的联想（即相对快速、自发的过程的指标）可以预测饮酒。下一步的重要步骤是研究这种内隐联想与饮酒关系的调节因素。心境状态被认为是这种关系的调节因素：内隐联想被认为是在积极心境状态下更能预测饮酒的因素。从同样的理论角度出发，还提出了外显测量（相对较慢、反思过程的指标）在消极心境状态下更能预测饮酒的因素。本研究通过调查心境状态（通过观看一段简短的视频剪辑来操纵）是否调节了三种内隐的与酒精相关的联想（酒精兴奋、酒精趋近和饮酒认同）及其外显对应物与饮酒之间的关系，来评估这些假设，这些关系是在包括啤酒和软饮料的味觉测试中得出的。一个由 152 名大学生社交饮酒者（81 名男性；71 名女性）组成的样本完成了内隐的与酒精相关的联想、其外显对应物和典型饮酒行为的基线测量。然后，参与者观看了一段能引起心境状态的视频剪辑（积极、中性或消极），并完成了味觉测试。结果喜忧参半，但总体表明，内隐的酒精兴奋（而非酒精趋近或饮酒认同）联想对饮酒的预测受到心境的调节。具体来说，观看悲伤的视频后，内隐的酒精兴奋联想与饮酒的负相关程度更高，而观看快乐/中性的视频后，内隐的酒精兴奋联想与饮酒的正相关程度更高。酒精兴奋的外显对应物也存在调节作用。研究结果从负强化饮酒模型的角度进行了讨论。
