Center for the Study of Health & Risk Behaviors (CSHRB), Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1100 NE 45th Street, Seattle, WA 98105, United States.
Addict Behav. 2012 Aug;37(8):990-3. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.03.024. Epub 2012 Mar 28.
It is common for people to report strong preferences for certain types of alcohol, often as a function of past positive or negative experiences with particular types of drinks. Despite this individual difference, implicit measures related to alcohol frequently use nomothetic approaches--i.e., use a standard set of alcohol beverage stimuli--which may not match individuals' actual drinking behavior. Moreover, this mismatch may account for some of the inconsistencies across studies using implicit measures. The present study used an idiographic variant of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in which participants (N=300) selected alcohol images that matched their drinking behavior (non-drinkers selected what they were offered most often). Results were consistent with previous research on alcohol preference: women selected more liquor and wine images, men selected more beer images; heavy episodic drinkers selected more beer and liquor images and selected fewer wine images than lighter drinkers and non-drinkers. In addition, IAT scores were sensitive to drinking levels in the expected direction and, importantly, were robust to stimuli selected. Thus, results provide initial validation of idiographic approaches to stimuli selection.
人们通常会报告对某些类型的酒精有强烈的偏好，这通常是过去对特定类型饮料的积极或消极体验的一种功能。尽管存在这种个体差异，但与酒精相关的内隐测量通常使用同型论方法——即使用标准的酒精饮料刺激物集——这可能与个体的实际饮酒行为不匹配。此外，这种不匹配可能解释了使用内隐测量方法的研究结果不一致的部分原因。本研究使用了内隐联想测验（IAT）的一种个体化变体，其中参与者（N=300）选择与他们的饮酒行为相匹配的酒精图像（非饮酒者选择他们最常喝的酒）。结果与之前关于酒精偏好的研究一致：女性选择更多的白酒和葡萄酒图像，男性选择更多的啤酒图像；重度周期性饮酒者选择更多的啤酒和白酒图像，选择的葡萄酒图像比轻度饮酒者和非饮酒者少。此外，IAT 得分在预期方向上对饮酒水平敏感，重要的是，对所选刺激物具有稳健性。因此，研究结果为刺激物选择的个体化方法提供了初步验证。
