van den Eeden Claire A J, de Poot Christianne J, van Koppen Peter J
Research, Knowledge & Development Department, Police Academy of the Netherlands, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands.
Criminal Law and Criminology Department, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Forensic Sci. 2019 Jan;64(1):120-126. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13817. Epub 2018 May 17.
A large body of research has described the influence of context information on forensic decision-making. In this study, we examined the effect of context information on the search for and selection of traces by students (N = 36) and crime scene investigators (N = 58). Participants investigated an ambiguous mock crime scene and received prior information indicating suicide, a violent death or no information. Participants described their impression of the scene and wrote down which traces they wanted to secure. Results showed that context information impacted first impression of the scene and crime scene behavior, namely number of traces secured. Participants in the murder condition secured most traces. Furthermore, the students secured more crime-related traces. Students were more confident in their first impression. This study does not indicate that experts outperform novices. We therefore argue for proper training on cognitive processes as an integral part of all forensic education.
大量研究描述了情境信息对法医决策的影响。在本研究中，我们考察了情境信息对学生（N = 36）和犯罪现场调查人员（N = 58）寻找和选择痕迹的影响。参与者调查了一个模棱两可的模拟犯罪现场，并收到表明自杀、暴力死亡或无信息的先前信息。参与者描述了他们对现场的印象，并写下他们想要获取的痕迹。结果表明，情境信息影响了对现场的第一印象和犯罪现场行为，即获取的痕迹数量。谋杀情境下的参与者获取的痕迹最多。此外，学生获取了更多与犯罪相关的痕迹。学生对他们的第一印象更有信心。本研究并未表明专家比新手表现更好。因此，我们主张将关于认知过程的适当培训作为所有法医教育不可或缺的一部分。
