Ewert Alan, Chang Yun
School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
School of Kinesiology and Recreation, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2018 May 17;8(5):49. doi: 10.3390/bs8050049.
A growing number of studies have shown that visiting green spaces and being exposed to natural environments can reduce psychological stress. A number of questions concerning the effects of natural environments on levels of stress remain including, "Are activities engaged in natural environments more or less beneficial at reducing stress when compared to those done in more urban settings?" This study examined this question from the perspective of "levels of nature". That is, data on levels of stress were collected from three sites, one site having wilderness-like characteristics, a second site representing a municipal-type park, and a third site representing a built environment (indoor exercise facility) within a city. Data were generated using biophysical markers (cortisol and amylase) and a psychological measure within a pre- and post-visit format. Findings suggest that visiting natural environments can be beneficial in reducing both physical and psychological stress levels, with visitors to a natural environment reporting significantly lower levels of stress than their counterparts visiting a more urbanized outdoor setting or indoor exercise facility.
越来越多的研究表明，前往绿地并置身于自然环境中可以减轻心理压力。关于自然环境对压力水平的影响仍存在一些问题，包括“与在更城市化环境中进行的活动相比，在自然环境中进行的活动在减轻压力方面是更有益还是益处较少？” 本研究从 “自然程度” 的角度审视了这个问题。也就是说，从三个地点收集了压力水平数据，一个地点具有类似荒野的特征，第二个地点代表城市型公园，第三个地点代表城市内的建筑环境（室内健身设施）。数据是通过生物物理标记物（皮质醇和淀粉酶）以及在访问前后的格式下进行的心理测量生成的。研究结果表明，前往自然环境有助于减轻生理和心理压力水平，前往自然环境的游客报告的压力水平明显低于前往更城市化户外环境或室内健身设施的同行。
