Degnan Gregory G, Wind Tyler C, Jones Elizabeth V, Edlich Richard
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia.
Plastic Surgical Research Program, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia.
J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2017;27(2-4):293-306. doi: 10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.v27.i2-4.120.
The purpose of this collective review is to describe a new form of functional electrical stimulation called neuroprosthesis. This unique technology has been devised to produce lateral pinch and palmar grasp in persons with C5 and C6 motor level spinal cord injuries. This neuroprosthesis includes external as well as implanted components. First, a receiver is surgically implanted into the patient's chest above a pectoralis major muscle. The receiver stimulator is then connected to 8 surgically implanted epimysial or intramuscular electrodes. Restoration of upper extremity function can greatly improve the lives of people affected with tetraplegia. When contralateral shoulder movements trigger an external transmitting coil, it sends a radio wave impulse to the stimulator inducing contraction of the muscles. Many tetraplegics are regaining hand function using implanted functional electrical stimulation. One major limitation is that the key muscles to be stimulated may have lower motor neuron damage, but this obstacle has been successfully overcome using surgical modifications of the biomechanics of the hand.
这篇综述的目的是描述一种名为神经假体的新型功能性电刺激形式。这项独特的技术旨在为C5和C6运动水平脊髓损伤的患者产生侧捏和掌抓动作。这种神经假体包括外部组件和植入组件。首先，通过手术将一个接收器植入患者胸部胸大肌上方。然后将接收器刺激器连接到8个通过手术植入的肌外膜或肌内电极。恢复上肢功能可以极大地改善四肢瘫痪患者的生活。当对侧肩部运动触发外部发射线圈时，它会向刺激器发送无线电波脉冲，从而引起肌肉收缩。许多四肢瘫痪患者正在通过植入功能性电刺激恢复手部功能。一个主要限制是，要刺激的关键肌肉可能存在下运动神经元损伤，但通过对手部生物力学进行手术改良，这一障碍已被成功克服。
