Mulinge Erastus, Magambo Japhet, Odongo David, Njenga Sammy, Zeyhle Eberhard, Mbae Cecilia, Kagendo Dorothy, Addy Francis, Ebi Dennis, Wassermann Marion, Kern Peter, Romig Thomas
Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
Meru University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 927, 60200, Meru, Kenya.
Vet Parasitol. 2018 May 15;255:49-57. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.03.029. Epub 2018 Apr 3.
Cystic echinococcosis is endemic both in livestock and humans in many parts of Kenya. However, very little data exists on Echinococcus infections in dogs, and therefore their role in maintaining the transmission cycles and environmental contamination with eggs of Echinococcus species is unknown. The study aimed to establish the prevalence and distribution of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato causing infection in dogs in Kenya. A total of 1621 dog faecal samples were collected from the environment in four different regions and examined microscopically for the presence of taeniid eggs. Up to 20 individual taeniid eggs per faecal sample were picked, lysed and genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) gene. Eleven percent (178/1621) of faecal samples had taeniid eggs, while 4.4% (71/1621) contained Echinococcus spp. eggs. Area-wise, the faecal prevalence of Echinococcus spp. was 9.2% (48/524) in Turkana, 4.0% (20/500) in Maasai Mara, 0.7% (2/294) in Isiolo and 0.3% (1/303) in Meru. E. granulosus sensu stricto (s. s.) was the dominant Echinococcus taxon, followed by E. canadensis (G6/7) that was detected in 51 and 23 faecal samples, respectively. E. ortleppi was detected in only 5 faecal samples. We report for the first time the presence of E. felidis eggs in two dog faecal samples (from Maasai Mara region). Mixed infections of these taxa were also found in faecal samples, including: E. granulosus s. s. and E. canadensis (G6/7) (n = 7), E. granulosus s. s. and E. ortleppi (n = 1) and all three species (n = 1). The dog data presented here confirm the differences in diversity and abundance of Echinococcus spp. between regions of Kenya, correspond well with previously published data from livestock, and tentatively suggest a role of domestic dogs as a link between domestic and sylvatic cycles of Echinococcus spp.
在肯尼亚的许多地区，囊型包虫病在牲畜和人类中均为地方病。然而，关于犬类感染棘球绦虫的数据非常少，因此它们在维持棘球绦虫物种虫卵传播周期和环境污染方面所起的作用尚不清楚。该研究旨在确定肯尼亚引起犬类感染的狭义细粒棘球绦虫的流行率和分布情况。从四个不同地区的环境中总共采集了1621份犬类粪便样本，并通过显微镜检查是否存在带绦虫卵。每个粪便样本最多挑选20个单独的带绦虫卵，进行裂解，并通过聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶亚基1（nad1）基因测序进行基因分型。11%（178/1621）的粪便样本含有带绦虫卵，而4.4%（71/1621）含有棘球绦虫属虫卵。按地区划分，棘球绦虫属的粪便流行率在图尔卡纳为9.2%（48/524），在马赛马拉为4.0%（20/500），在伊西奥洛为0.7%（2/294），在梅鲁为0.3%（1/303）。狭义细粒棘球绦虫是主要的棘球绦虫分类单元，其次是加拿大棘球绦虫（G6/7），分别在51份和23份粪便样本中检测到。仅在5份粪便样本中检测到奥氏棘球绦虫。我们首次在两份犬类粪便样本（来自马赛马拉地区）中报告了猫棘球绦虫虫卵的存在。在粪便样本中还发现了这些分类单元的混合感染，包括：狭义细粒棘球绦虫和加拿大棘球绦虫（G6/7）（n = 7）、狭义细粒棘球绦虫和奥氏棘球绦虫（n = 1）以及所有三种物种（n = 1）。此处呈现的犬类数据证实了肯尼亚不同地区棘球绦虫属在多样性和丰度上的差异，与先前公布的牲畜数据非常吻合，并初步表明家犬在棘球绦虫属的家畜和野生动物传播周期之间起到了联系作用。
