Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
Department of Microbiology/Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
Int J Med Microbiol. 2018 Jul;308(5):487-497. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.05.002. Epub 2018 May 9.
The human gut microbiome consists of many bacteria which are in symbiotic relationship with human beings. The gut microbial metabolism, as well as the microbial-host co-metabolism, has been found to greatly influence health and disease. Factors such as diet, antibiotic use and lifestyle have been associated with alterations in the gut microbial community and may result in several pathological conditions. For this reason, several strategies including fecal microbiota transplant and probiotic administration have been applied and proven to be feasible and effective in restoring the gut microbiota in humans. Yet, safety concerns such as potential health risks that may arise from such interventions and how these strategies are regulated need to be addressed. Also, it will be important to know if these microbiome restoration strategies can have a profound impact on health. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge of the microbiome restoration strategies and safety issues on how these strategies are regulated.
人类肠道微生物组由许多与人类共生的细菌组成。肠道微生物代谢以及微生物-宿主共代谢已被发现极大地影响健康和疾病。饮食、抗生素使用和生活方式等因素与肠道微生物群落的改变有关，并可能导致多种病理状况。因此，已经应用了包括粪便微生物移植和益生菌给药在内的几种策略，并且已被证明在恢复人类肠道微生物群方面是可行且有效的。然而，需要解决诸如可能因这些干预措施而产生的潜在健康风险等安全问题，以及如何对这些策略进行监管。此外，了解这些微生物组恢复策略是否可以对健康产生深远影响也很重要。本综述提供了对当前肠道微生物组恢复策略以及如何监管这些策略的安全性问题的认识。
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