Lu Qing, Li Haifen, Hong Yanbin, Zhang Guoqiang, Wen Shijie, Li Xingyu, Zhou Guiyuan, Li Shaoxiong, Liu Hao, Liu Haiyan, Liu Zhongjian, Varshney Rajeev K, Chen Xiaoping, Liang Xuanqiang
South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation Center of China and Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2018 May 3;9:604. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00604. eCollection 2018.
Peanut ( L.), an important leguminous crop, is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. Peanut is an allotetraploid, having A and B subgenomes that maybe have originated in its diploid progenitors (A-genome) and (B-genome), respectively. We previously sequenced the former and here present the draft genome of the latter, expanding our knowledge of the unique biology of . The assembled genome of is ~1.39 Gb with 39,704 predicted protein-encoding genes. A gene family analysis revealed that the FAR1 family may be involved in regulating peanut special fruit development. Genomic evolutionary analyses estimated that the two progenitors diverged ~3.3 million years ago and suggested that experienced a whole-genome duplication event after the divergence of . We identified a set of disease resistance-related genes and candidate genes for biological nitrogen fixation. In particular, two and four homologous genes that may be involved in the regulation of nodule development were obtained from and , respectively. We outline a comprehensive network involved in drought adaptation. Additionally, we analyzed the metabolic pathways involved in oil biosynthesis and found genes related to fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis. Importantly, three new homologous genes were identified from and one was completely homologous at the amino acid level with FAD2 from . The availability of the and genomic assemblies will advance our knowledge of the peanut genome.
花生（Arachis hypogaea L.）是一种重要的豆科作物，在热带和亚热带地区广泛种植。花生是异源四倍体，具有A和B两个亚基因组，它们可能分别起源于其二倍体祖先（A基因组）和（B基因组）。我们之前对前者进行了测序，在此展示后者的基因组草图，以拓展我们对花生独特生物学特性的认识。组装后的花生基因组约为1.39 Gb，预测有39,704个蛋白质编码基因。基因家族分析表明，FAR1家族可能参与调控花生独特的果实发育。基因组进化分析估计，这两个祖先在约330万年前分化，并且表明花生在分化后经历了一次全基因组复制事件。我们鉴定出了一组抗病相关基因和生物固氮候选基因。特别地，分别从A基因组和B基因组中获得了两个和四个可能参与根瘤发育调控的同源基因。我们勾勒出了一个涉及干旱适应的综合网络。此外，我们分析了油脂生物合成所涉及的代谢途径，发现了与脂肪酸和三酰甘油合成相关的基因。重要的是，从B基因组中鉴定出了三个新的A基因组同源基因，其中一个在氨基酸水平上与A. duranensis的FAD2完全同源。A. duranensis和A. ipaensis基因组组装结果的可得性将推动我们对花生基因组的认识。
