School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 84015, Beer Sheva, Israel.
Critical Care Services, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2018 Oct;53(10):1111-1122. doi: 10.1007/s00127-018-1531-0. Epub 2018 May 17.
We sought to extend research into the health effects of discrimination to a non-Western context. We examined the associations between interpersonal and institutional ethnic discrimination, and anxiety and depression among Palestinian-Arab minority men citizens of Israel.
We used data from a nationwide stratified random sample of 964 Arab men in Israel, current or former smokers (age 18-64), who were interviewed as part of a 2012-2013 study on cessation. The questionnaire included an adapted Arabic version of the Experiences of Discrimination scale and a new scale on perceived institutional group discrimination. Logistic regression models estimated the effects of both forms of discrimination on depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale) and anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), while adjusting for socio-demographic and economic factors.
The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 24.7% and anxiety 45.5%. Approximately 42% of men reported experiencing interpersonal discrimination, and 50.8% reported perceived institutional group discrimination. Controlling for covariates, experiencing interpersonal discrimination was associated with higher odds for depressive symptoms [OR = 2.36, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.69-1.57] and anxiety (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.45-2.55). Perceived institutional group discrimination was associated only with anxiety (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.32-2.35). Introducing both forms of discrimination into the same model slightly attenuated these associations.
Interpersonal and institutional forms of ethnic discrimination are independently associated with poorer mental health among Arab minority men current and former smokers in Israel. Future research is warranted into both forms of discrimination in the general Arab population in Israel, including women.
我们试图将歧视对健康影响的研究扩展到非西方背景。我们研究了以色列阿拉伯少数民族男性公民所经历的人际和体制种族歧视与焦虑和抑郁之间的关系。
我们使用了 2012-2013 年戒烟研究中对全国分层随机抽样的 964 名以色列阿拉伯男性（年龄在 18-64 岁之间，当前或曾经吸烟）的访谈数据。问卷包括经过改编的阿拉伯版歧视经历量表和一个关于感知机构群体歧视的新量表。逻辑回归模型在调整社会人口统计学和经济因素的情况下，估计了这两种形式的歧视对抑郁症状（流行病学研究中心抑郁量表）和焦虑（状态-特质焦虑量表）的影响。
抑郁症状的患病率为 24.7%，焦虑症状的患病率为 45.5%。大约 42%的男性报告经历过人际歧视，50.8%报告经历过机构群体歧视。在控制了混杂因素后，经历人际歧视与抑郁症状（OR=2.36，95%置信区间[CI]：1.69-1.57）和焦虑（OR=1.92，95%CI：1.45-2.55）的高患病风险相关。感知机构群体歧视仅与焦虑（OR=1.76，95%CI：1.32-2.35）相关。在同一个模型中同时引入这两种形式的歧视略微削弱了这些关联。
人际和体制形式的种族歧视与以色列阿拉伯少数民族男性当前和曾经吸烟者的心理健康较差独立相关。未来有必要在以色列的阿拉伯普通人群中，包括女性，对这两种形式的歧视进行研究。
