Goren Asena, Ashlock Daniel, Tetlow Ian J
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
Protoplasma. 2018 Nov;255(6):1855-1876. doi: 10.1007/s00709-018-1259-4. Epub 2018 May 17.
Starch is a water-insoluble polyglucan synthesized inside the plastid stroma within plant cells, serving a crucial role in the carbon budget of the whole plant by acting as a short-term and long-term store of energy. The highly complex, hierarchical structure of the starch granule arises from the actions of a large suite of enzyme activities, in addition to physicochemical self-assembly mechanisms. This review outlines current knowledge of the starch biosynthetic pathway operating in plant cells in relation to the micro- and macro-structures of the starch granule. We highlight the gaps in our knowledge, in particular, the relationship between enzyme function and operation at the molecular level and the formation of the final, macroscopic architecture of the granule.
淀粉是一种在植物细胞内的质体基质中合成的水不溶性多聚糖，通过作为能量的短期和长期储存，在整个植物的碳预算中发挥关键作用。淀粉颗粒高度复杂的层级结构不仅源于物理化学自组装机制，还源于大量酶活性的作用。本综述概述了与淀粉颗粒的微观和宏观结构相关的植物细胞中淀粉生物合成途径的现有知识。我们强调了知识上的空白，特别是酶功能与分子水平上的运作之间的关系以及颗粒最终宏观结构的形成。
