Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Erfurt, 99090, Germany.
Physiol Plant. 2019 Jan;165(1):58-72. doi: 10.1111/ppl.12762. Epub 2018 Jul 31.
Adventitious root formation in cuttings and establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis reflect the enormous plasticity of plants and are key factors in the efficient and sustainable clonal propagation and production of ornamental crops. Based on the high importance of Petunia hybrida for the European and US annual bedding plant markets and its suitability as a model for basic plant sciences, petunia has been established as an experimental system for elucidating the molecular and physiological processes underlying adventitious root formation and mycorrhizal symbiosis. In the present review, we introduce the tools of the Petunia model system. Then, we discuss findings regarding the hormonal and metabolic control of adventitious rooting in the context of diverse environmental factors as well as findings on the function of arbuscular mycorrhiza related to nutrient uptake and resistance to root pathogens. Considering the recent publication of the genomes of the parental species of P. hybrida and other tools available in the petunia scientific community, we will outline the quality of petunia as a model for future system-oriented analysis of root development and function in the context of environmental and genetic control, which are at the heart of modern horticulture.
不定根形成和丛枝菌根共生的建立反映了植物的巨大可塑性，是观赏作物高效可持续无性繁殖和生产的关键因素。鉴于矮牵牛杂种在欧洲和美国年度花坛植物市场的重要性，以及其作为基础植物科学模型的适用性，矮牵牛已被确立为一个实验系统，用于阐明不定根形成和丛枝菌根共生的分子和生理过程。在本综述中，我们介绍了矮牵牛模型系统的工具。然后，我们讨论了激素和代谢控制在不同环境因素下不定根形成的发现，以及丛枝菌根与养分吸收和根病原体抗性相关的功能的发现。考虑到矮牵牛双亲种的基因组最近发表，以及矮牵牛科学界现有的其他工具，我们将概述矮牵牛作为未来在环境和遗传控制背景下进行根系发育和功能的系统分析的模型的质量，这是现代园艺学的核心。
