Department of Emergency Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
Department of Paediatric Surgery, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
Am J Prev Med. 2018 Jul;55(1):98-105. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.04.005. Epub 2018 Jun 18.
Pedestrian road safety remains a public health priority. The objective of this study is to describe trends in fatalities and injuries after pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions in the U.S. and identify associated risk factors for pedestrian fatalities.
This is a cross-sectional study of U.S. pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions from 2006 to 2015 (performed in 2017). Pedestrian fatality and injury data were obtained from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Fatality Analysis Reporting System and National Automotive Sampling System General Estimates System. Frequencies of fatalities, injuries, and associated characteristics were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression was performed for risk of fatality, controlling for demographic and crash-related factors.
There were 47,789 pedestrian fatalities and 674,414 injuries during the 10-year study period. Fatality rates were highest among the elderly aged 85 years and older (2.95/100,000 population), whereas injury rates were highest for those aged 15-19 years (35.23/100,000 population). Predictors associated with increased risk for death include the following: male sex (AOR=1.36, 95% CI=1.15, 1.62), age ≥65 years (AOR=3.44, 95% CI=2.62, 4.50), alcohol involvement (AOR=2.63, 95% CI=1.88, 3.67), collisions after midnight (AOR=5.21, 95% CI=3.20, 8.49), at non-intersections (AOR=2.76, 95% CI=2.21, 3.45), and involving trucks (AOR=2.15, 95% CI=1.16, 3.97) and buses (AOR=5.82, 95% CI=3.67, 9.21).
Potentially modifiable factors are associated with increased risk of death after pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions. Interventions including elder-friendly intersections and increasing visibility of pedestrians may aid in decreasing pedestrian injuries and deaths.
行人道路安全仍然是公共卫生的重点。本研究的目的是描述美国行人与机动车碰撞事故的死亡和伤害趋势，并确定与行人死亡相关的危险因素。
这是一项 2006 年至 2015 年（2017 年进行）的美国行人与机动车碰撞事故的横断面研究。行人死亡和伤害数据来自国家公路交通安全管理局的伤亡分析报告系统和国家汽车抽样系统综合估计系统。计算了死亡率、受伤率和相关特征的频率。在控制人口统计学和碰撞相关因素的情况下，进行多变量逻辑回归以确定死亡风险。
在 10 年的研究期间，共有 47789 名行人死亡，674414 人受伤。死亡率最高的是 85 岁及以上的老年人（每 10 万人中有 2.95 人），而受伤率最高的是 15-19 岁的人（每 10 万人中有 35.23 人）。与死亡风险增加相关的预测因素包括以下内容：男性（优势比[OR]=1.36，95%置信区间[CI]=1.15，1.62）、年龄≥65 岁（OR=3.44，95% CI=2.62，4.50）、涉及酒精（OR=2.63，95% CI=1.88，3.67）、午夜后发生碰撞（OR=5.21，95% CI=3.20，8.49）、在非交叉口发生碰撞（OR=2.76，95% CI=2.21，3.45）以及涉及卡车（OR=2.15，95% CI=1.16，3.97）和公共汽车（OR=5.82，95% CI=3.67，9.21）。
潜在的可改变因素与行人与机动车碰撞后死亡风险增加相关。包括友好型老年人交叉口和提高行人可见度的干预措施可能有助于减少行人受伤和死亡。
