Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, United States.
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, United States.
J Safety Res. 2018 Dec;67:37-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2018.09.009. Epub 2018 Sep 27.
Pedestrian fatalities increased 46% in the United States during 2009-2016. This study identified circumstances under which the largest increases in deaths occurred during this period.
Annual counts of U.S. pedestrian fatalities and crash involvements were extracted from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and General Estimates System. Poisson regression examined if pedestrian fatalities by various roadway, environmental, personal, and vehicle factors changed significantly during 2009-2016. Linear regression examined changes over the study period in pedestrian deaths per 100 crash involvements and in horsepower per 1000 pounds of weight among passenger vehicles involved in fatal single-vehicle pedestrian crashes RESULTS: Pedestrian deaths per 100 crash involvements increased 29% from 2010, when they reached their lowest point, to 2015, the most recent year for which crash involvement data were available. The largest increases in pedestrian deaths during 2009-2016 occurred in urban areas (54% increase from 2009 to 2016), on arterials (67% increase), at nonintersections (50% increase), and in dark conditions (56% increase). The rise in the number of SUVs involved in fatal single-vehicle pedestrian crashes (82% increase) was larger than the increases in the number of cars, vans, pickups, or medium/heavy trucks involved in these crashes. The power of passenger vehicles involved in fatal single-vehicle pedestrian crashes increased over the study period, with larger increases in vehicle power among more powerful vehicles.
Efforts to turn back the recent increase in pedestrian fatalities should focus on the conditions where the rise has been the greatest.
Transportation agencies can improve urban arterials by investing in proven countermeasures, such as road diets, median crossing islands, pedestrian hybrid beacons, and automated speed enforcement. Better road lighting and vehicle headlights could improve pedestrian visibility at night.
2009 年至 2016 年期间，美国行人死亡人数增加了 46%。本研究旨在确定在此期间死亡人数增长最大的情况。
从伤亡分析报告系统和综合估计系统中提取了美国行人死亡人数和事故涉及人数的年度数据。泊松回归检验了行人死亡率在不同道路、环境、个人和车辆因素下是否在 2009-2016 年间发生显著变化。线性回归检验了行人死亡率（每 100 次事故涉及人数）和在涉及行人死亡的单车事故中乘用车每 1000 磅重量的马力（每 1000 磅重量的马力）在研究期间的变化。结果：行人死亡率（每 100 次事故涉及人数）从 2010 年（最低点）增加了 29%，至 2015 年（可获得事故涉及数据的最新年份）。2009-2016 年期间行人死亡人数的最大增幅发生在城市地区（2009 年至 2016 年增加了 54%）、干道（增加了 67%）、非交叉路口（增加了 50%）和黑暗条件（增加了 56%）。在涉及行人死亡的单车事故中 SUV 数量的增加（增加了 82%）大于汽车、面包车、皮卡或中型/重型卡车数量的增加。在涉及行人死亡的单车事故中，乘用车的动力在研究期间有所增加，更强大的车辆的动力增加幅度更大。
扭转行人死亡人数近期上升的努力应集中在上升幅度最大的情况。
交通机构可以通过投资经过验证的对策来改善城市干道，例如道路瘦身、中央隔离岛、行人混合信号灯和自动速度执法。更好的道路照明和车辆前照灯可以提高夜间行人的可见度。
