Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.
Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Que.
Can J Ophthalmol. 2018 Jun;53(3):291-297. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2018.01.027. Epub 2018 Mar 12.
To determine the prevalence and determinants of visual impairment in Canada.
Cross-sectional population-based study.
30,097 people in the Comprehensive Cohort of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging METHODS: Inclusion criteria included being between the ages of 45 and 85 years old, community-dwelling, and living near one of the 11 data collection sites across 7 Canadian provinces. People were excluded if they were in an institution, living on a First Nations reserve, were a full-time member of the Canadian Armed Forces, did not speak French or English, or had cognitive impairment. Visual acuity was measured using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart while participants wore their usual prescription for distance, if any. Visual impairment was defined as presenting binocular acuity worse than 20/40.
Of Canadian adults, 5.7% (95% CI 5.4-6.0) had visual impairment. A wide variation in the provincial prevalence of visual impairment was observed ranging from a low of 2.4% (95% CI 2.0-3.0) in Manitoba to a high of 10.9% (95% CI 9.6-12.2) in Newfoundland and Labrador. Factors associated with a higher odds of visual impairment included older age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.07, 95% CI 1.06-1.08), lower income (OR = 2.07 for those earning less than $20 000 per year, 95% CI 1.65-2.59), current smoking (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.25-1.85), type 2 diabetes (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.03-1.41), and memory problems (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.04-2.01).
Refractive error was the leading cause of visual impairment. Older age, lower income, province, smoking, diabetes, and memory problems were associated with visual impairment.
确定加拿大视力障碍的患病率及其决定因素。
基于人群的横断面研究。
加拿大纵向老龄化综合队列中的 30097 人
纳入标准包括年龄在 45 至 85 岁之间、居住在社区且居住在加拿大 7 个省的 11 个数据采集点附近。如果参与者住在机构中、在第一民族保留地居住、全职加入加拿大武装部队、不会说法语或英语或存在认知障碍，则将其排除在外。使用早期治疗糖尿病视网膜病变研究（ETDRS）图表测量视力，同时参与者佩戴其常规的远用处方，如果有的话。视力障碍定义为双眼视力低于 20/40。
在加拿大成年人中，有 5.7%（95%置信区间 5.4-6.0）存在视力障碍。视力障碍的省级患病率差异很大，从马尼托巴省的低患病率 2.4%（95%置信区间 2.0-3.0）到纽芬兰和拉布拉多省的高患病率 10.9%（95%置信区间 9.6-12.2）。与较高的视力障碍几率相关的因素包括年龄较大（优势比[OR] = 1.07，95%置信区间 1.06-1.08）、收入较低（年收入低于 20000 加元的人 OR = 2.07，95%置信区间 1.65-2.59）、当前吸烟（OR = 1.52，95%置信区间 1.25-1.85）、2 型糖尿病（OR = 1.20，95%置信区间 1.03-1.41）和记忆问题（OR = 1.44，95%置信区间 1.04-2.01）。
屈光不正为视力障碍的主要原因。年龄较大、收入较低、省份、吸烟、糖尿病和记忆问题与视力障碍有关。
