Noroozi Mehdi, Marshall Brandon D L, Noroozi Alireza, Armoon Bahram, Sharifi Hamid, Qorbani Mostafa, Abbasi Mohammad, Bazrafshan Mohammad Rafi
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
J Res Health Sci. 2018 May 19;18(2):e00416.
Many studies have recognized the importance of sexual and injection risk behaviors in HIV transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID). We aimed to examine effect of alcohol use on sexual and injection risky behavior using coarsened exact matching (CEM) approach among PWID in Tehran, Iran.
A cross-sectional study.
This study was conducted from Mar to Aug 2016 in Tehran, Iran. PWID were recruited by a convenience and snowball sampling from five of Drop-in Centers (DICs) in Tehran. We assessed three outcomes of interest, all treated as binary variables, including distributive and receptive sharing and inconsistent condom use with any type of sexual partner. We applied coarsened exact matching (CEM) to estimate the independent effect of alcohol use on injection and sexual risk behaviours. All data analysis was performed using Stata v.11.
Overall, 550 PWID (all male) were enrolled. The prevalence of receptive sharing, distributive sharing, and inconsistent condom use was 32%, 15% and 55%, respectively. In the matched samples, last month drinkers were more likely to report receptive sharing (OR=2.12 95% CI: 1.31, 3.81; P=0.022), as compared to abstainer participants. Distributive sharing in last 30 d, was also significantly higher among last month drinkers group (OR=2.72 95% CI 1.72, 4.21; P=0.011), compared last month abstainers group. Finally, there was a statistically significant relationship between alcohol use and inconsistent condom use (OR=4.21 95% CI: 2.71, 7.52; P=0.013).
The findings emphasize importance of addressing alcohol use in risk reduction interventions for Iranian PWID with alcohol use.
许多研究已经认识到性传播和注射风险行为在注射吸毒者（PWID）中传播艾滋病毒的重要性。我们旨在使用粗化精确匹配（CEM）方法，研究伊朗德黑兰注射吸毒者中饮酒对性传播和注射风险行为的影响。
一项横断面研究。
本研究于2016年3月至8月在伊朗德黑兰进行。通过便利抽样和雪球抽样从德黑兰的五个戒毒中心（DIC）招募注射吸毒者。我们评估了三个感兴趣的结果，均视为二元变量，包括分发和接受共用以及与任何类型性伴侣使用避孕套不一致。我们应用粗化精确匹配（CEM）来估计饮酒对注射和性风险行为的独立影响。所有数据分析均使用Stata v.11进行。
总体而言，共纳入550名注射吸毒者（均为男性）。接受共用、分发共用和使用避孕套不一致的患病率分别为32%、15%和55%。在匹配样本中，与戒酒参与者相比，上个月饮酒者更有可能报告接受共用（OR=2.12，95%CI：1.31，3.81；P=0.022）。与上个月戒酒者组相比，上个月饮酒者组在过去30天内的分发共用也显著更高（OR=2.72，95%CI 1.72，4.21；P=0.011）。最后，饮酒与使用避孕套不一致之间存在统计学显著关系（OR=4.21，95%CI：2.71，7.52；P=0.013）。
研究结果强调了在针对有饮酒行为的伊朗注射吸毒者的风险降低干预措施中解决饮酒问题的重要性。
