Noroozi Mehdi, Ahounbar Elahe, Karimi Salah Eddin, Ahmadi Sina, Najafi Mohammad, Bazrafshan Ali, Shushtari Zahra Jorjoran, Farhadi Mohammad Hassan, Higgs Peter, Rezaei Fatemeh, Ghiasvand Hesam, Sharhani Asaad, Armoon Bahram, Waye Katherine
School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Int J Behav Med. 2017 Aug;24(4):613-618. doi: 10.1007/s12529-017-9634-7.
Understanding and increasing awareness on individual risk for HIV infection as well as HIV risk perception's effects on different behavioral outcomes for people who inject drugs (PWID) is important for policymaking and planning purposes. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether HIV risk perception was associated with greater injection and sexual risk-taking behaviors among PWIDs.
We surveyed 460 PWID in Kermanshah regarding their demographic characteristics, sexual risk behaviors, HIV risk perception, and drug-related risk behaviors in the month prior to the study. Three classes of HIV risk perception were identified using ordinal regression to determine factors associated with HIV risk perception.
Study participants were categorized as follows: "low" (n = 100, 22%), "moderate" (n = 150, 32%), and "high" (n = 210, 46%) risk perception for becoming infected with HIV. The odds of categorizing as "high" risk for HIV was significantly greater in PWID that reported unprotected sex (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.4, p value 0.02), receptive syringe sharing (AOR 1.8, p value 0.01), and multiple sex partners (AOR 1.4, p value 0.03). PWID who reported unprotected sex had 2.7 times the odds of "high" risk perception when compared to PWID with "low" risk perception.
Findings show that PWID could rate their HIV risk with acceptable accuracy. Additionally, perceived HIV risk was associated with many risk factors for transmission of HIV, emphasizing the importance of developing targeted prevention and harm reduction programs for all domains of risk behaviors, both sexual and drug-related use.
了解并提高对注射吸毒者（PWID）个体感染艾滋病毒风险以及艾滋病毒风险认知对不同行为结果影响的认识，对于政策制定和规划目的而言非常重要。本研究的目的是确定艾滋病毒风险认知是否与注射吸毒者中更高的注射和性冒险行为相关。
我们对克尔曼沙阿的460名注射吸毒者进行了调查，了解他们在研究前一个月的人口统计学特征、性风险行为、艾滋病毒风险认知和与毒品相关的风险行为。使用有序回归确定与艾滋病毒风险认知相关的因素，从而识别出三类艾滋病毒风险认知。
研究参与者被分类如下：感染艾滋病毒的风险认知为“低”（n = 100，22%）、“中等”（n = 150，32%）和“高”（n = 210，46%）。报告无保护性行为（调整后的优势比（AOR）2.4，p值0.02）、接受性共用注射器（AOR 1.8，p值0.01）和多个性伴侣（AOR 1.4，p值0.03）的注射吸毒者被归类为艾滋病毒“高”风险的几率显著更高。与“低”风险认知的注射吸毒者相比，报告无保护性行为的注射吸毒者“高”风险认知的几率是其2.7倍。
研究结果表明，注射吸毒者能够以可接受的准确性评估自己的艾滋病毒风险。此外，感知到的艾滋病毒风险与许多艾滋病毒传播风险因素相关，强调了针对性传播和毒品相关使用等所有风险行为领域制定有针对性的预防和减少伤害计划的重要性。
