University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, United States.
J Subst Abuse Treat. 2017 Nov;82:34-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2017.08.001. Epub 2017 Aug 10.
Although alcohol use has been associated with risky behavior generally, the relationship between alcohol use and multiple types of risk behaviors that could lead to the acquisition and transmission of HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) among people who inject drugs (PWID) has not been fully examined. The current study seeks to contribute to the understanding of how alcohol use is related to both injection risk and sexual risk, among a non-treatment, cross-sectional sample of mostly male PWID in rural Puerto Rico (n=315). "At-risk" alcohol use was defined as consuming ≥14 drinks per week for males and ≥7 drinks per week for females. Binge drinking frequency was defined as consuming ≥5 drinks on one occasion for males and ≥4 drinks on a single occasion for females. Multivariate regression models were used to examine the association between the alcohol use variables and injection and sexual risk outcomes, adjusting for demographic characteristics. Overall, 14% (n=45) of the participants in this sample were considered at-risk drinkers (44% low risk drinkers and 42% alcohol abstainers), and participants reported binge drinking, on average, at least once per month. At-risk drinking, compared to low risk or no drinking, increased both injection and sexual risk behaviors. Frequency of past year binge drinking was also associated with both injection and sexual risk behaviors. Interventions aimed at reducing HIV and HCV transmission among injection drug users non-PWID networks should both target individuals who drink alcohol frequently and in high volumes, and include strategies for reducing risky behaviors while heavy drinking is occurring.
尽管饮酒与一般的危险行为有关，但在注射吸毒者（PWID）中，饮酒与可能导致 HIV 和丙型肝炎（HCV）感染和传播的多种风险行为之间的关系尚未得到充分研究。本研究旨在增进理解，说明在波多黎各农村地区一个未经治疗的横断面样本中，酒精使用与注射风险和性风险之间的关系，该样本主要由男性 PWID 组成（n=315）。“高危”饮酒定义为男性每周饮酒≥14 杯，女性每周饮酒≥7 杯。 binge drinking 频率定义为男性一次性饮酒≥5 杯，女性一次性饮酒≥4 杯。采用多变量回归模型，调整人口统计学特征后，检验饮酒变量与注射和性风险结果之间的关联。总体而言，该样本中 14%（n=45）的参与者被认为是高危饮酒者（44%为低危饮酒者，42%为戒酒者），参与者平均每月至少 binge drinking 一次。与低危或不饮酒相比，高危饮酒会增加注射和性行为风险。过去一年 binge drinking 的频率也与注射和性行为风险有关。旨在减少注射吸毒者非 PWID 网络中 HIV 和 HCV 传播的干预措施，不仅应针对经常大量饮酒的个人，还应包括在大量饮酒时减少危险行为的策略。
