a Department of Psychology , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.
b Faculty of Sport and Physical Education Sciences , University of Montpellier , Montpellier , France.
J Sports Sci. 2018 Dec;36(23):2732-2737. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1477419. Epub 2018 May 22.
The current study examined the development of psychological momentum (PM) in table tennis and the effect of a time-out. Eighty table tennis players were exposed to an audiovisual scenario, in which they either came back from 1-7 to 7-7 in an all-decisive game (positive momentum), or in which the opponent came back from 7-1 to 7-7 (negative momentum). Furthermore, at the score of 7-7 a time-out was called. One group of participants received no specific instructions during the time-out, whereas the other group received task (mastery-approach - MAp) instructions. Overall, PM perceptions increased for participants in the positive momentum condition, but decreased rapidly for participants in the negative momentum condition. In addition, the time-out led to a loss of PM in the positive momentum condition, but to a recovery of PM in the negative momentum condition. The instructions during the time-out did not make a significant difference. Together, these results suggest that scoring patterns in a table tennis game significantly affect the PM of players. Furthermore, a player or coach could benefit from calling a time-out in a negative momentum situation, as this provides an opportunity to psychologically recover.
本研究考察了乒乓球中心理动量（PM）的发展以及暂停的影响。80 名乒乓球运动员接触到视听场景，在这些场景中，他们要么在决胜局中从 1-7 追至 7-7（正 PM），要么对手从 7-1 追至 7-7（负 PM）。此外，在 7-7 分时叫了暂停。一组参与者在暂停期间没有收到具体的指示，而另一组则收到了任务（掌握-接近-MAp）指示。总的来说，正 PM 条件下的参与者的 PM 感知增加，但负 PM 条件下的参与者的 PM 迅速下降。此外，暂停导致正 PM 条件下的 PM 损失，但在负 PM 条件下的 PM 恢复。暂停期间的指示没有产生显著差异。综上所述，乒乓球比赛中的得分模式显著影响运动员的 PM。此外，在负 PM 情况下叫暂停可以让运动员有机会在心理上恢复，从而受益。
