Department of Physiology, Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Department of Physiology, Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2018 Jul 5;373(1750). doi: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0214.
Effective and efficient generation of human neural stem cells and subsequently functional neural populations from pluripotent stem cells has facilitated advancements in the study of human development and disease modelling. This review will discuss the established protocols for the generation of defined neural populations including regionalized neurons and astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia. Early protocols were established in embryonic stem cells (ESC) but the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) in 2006 provided a new platform for modelling human disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). The ability to produce patient- and disease-specific iPSC lines has created a new age of disease modelling. Human iPSC may be derived from adult somatic cells and subsequently patterned into numerous distinct cell types. The ability to derive defined and regionalized neural populations from iPSC provides a powerful model of CNS disorders.This article is part of the theme issue 'Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you'.
高效地从多能干细胞中生成人类神经干细胞，并进一步分化为功能性神经细胞群体，这促进了人类发育和疾病建模研究的进展。本综述将讨论已建立的用于生成特定神经细胞群体的方案，包括区域性神经元和星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞和小胶质细胞。早期的方案是在胚胎干细胞（ESC）中建立的，但 2006 年诱导多能干细胞（iPSC）的发现为中枢神经系统（CNS）人类疾病建模提供了新的平台。产生患者特异性和疾病特异性 iPSC 系的能力开创了疾病建模的新纪元。人类 iPSC 可源自成体体细胞，并随后被诱导分化为多种不同的细胞类型。从 iPSC 中获得明确的区域性神经细胞群体的能力为 CNS 疾病提供了强大的模型。本文是“设计人类组织：就在你身边的实验室”主题专刊的一部分。
