Pawelec-Winiarz Magdalena, Brzecka Anna
Izerskie Centrum Pulmonologii I Chemioterapii W Szklarskiej Porębie, Szklarska Poręba, Polska.
Katedra I Klinika Pulmonologii I Nowotworów Płuc Uniwersytetu Medycznego We Wrocławiu, Wrocław, Polska.
Wiad Lek. 2018;71(2 pt 2):417-420.
Both asthma and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome are frequent diseases and their coexistence may implicate important consequences. The incidence of OSA syndrome among the patients with asthma is higher than in the general population, especially in the patients with nocturnal symptoms persisting despite treatment, in patients frequently admitted to hospital because of the exacerbations of asthma, and in obese patients. The causes of frequent coexistence of asthma and OSA syndrome are not fully elucidated. The common abnormalities possibly linking asthma and OSA syndrome include obesity, gastro-esophageal reflux, nasal obstruction, and inflammation. In some patients with asthma it would be advised to search for OSA syndrome, as obstructive sleep apneas and hypopneas may influence asthma exacerbations. Especially, OSA should be suspected in the asthma patients with the signs of ventilatory disturbances during sleep. The method of choice of treatment of the patients with OSA syndrome is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) applied through the nasal or full-face mask, that leads to elimination of the obstructive sleep apneas and hypopneas during sleep. CPAP treatment may also positively influence the course of asthma.
哮喘和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）综合征都是常见疾病，它们的共存可能会带来重要后果。哮喘患者中OSA综合征的发病率高于普通人群，尤其是那些尽管接受治疗但仍有夜间症状的患者、因哮喘急性加重而频繁住院的患者以及肥胖患者。哮喘和OSA综合征频繁共存的原因尚未完全阐明。可能将哮喘和OSA综合征联系起来的常见异常情况包括肥胖、胃食管反流、鼻阻塞和炎症。对于一些哮喘患者，建议筛查OSA综合征，因为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停和呼吸浅慢可能会影响哮喘急性加重。特别是，对于睡眠期间有通气障碍迹象的哮喘患者，应怀疑患有OSA。治疗OSA综合征患者的首选方法是通过鼻罩或全面罩应用持续气道正压通气（CPAP），这可消除睡眠期间的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停和呼吸浅慢。CPAP治疗也可能对哮喘病程产生积极影响。
