Bourque Daniel L, Vinetz Joseph M
Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2018 May 22;20(7):19. doi: 10.1007/s11908-018-0623-z.
International travel, adventure travel, and eco-tourism are increasing over the past few decades. This review aims to summarize the spectrum of infections associated with recreational freshwater activities and international travel.
Recreational water activities can be associated with a wide range of infections. Acute febrile illnesses due to leptospirosis and schistosomiasis are not uncommon in travelers following extensive freshwater exposure. Aeromonas and other water-associated pathogens are important to consider in a traveler presenting with a skin and soft tissue infection. Recreational water activities are often associated with diarrheal illnesses, especially in children, and the range of enteric pathogens includes bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Shigella species and the protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium and Giardia duodenalis. Infections due to free-living amebas though rare can lead to fulminant central nervous system infections. A diverse range of infections may be associated with freshwater exposure, and it is important that these entities are considered in a returning traveler presenting with an acute illness.
在过去几十年中，国际旅行、探险旅行和生态旅游不断增加。本综述旨在总结与休闲淡水活动和国际旅行相关的感染谱。
休闲水上活动可能与多种感染有关。在大量接触淡水的旅行者中，由钩端螺旋体病和血吸虫病引起的急性发热性疾病并不罕见。对于出现皮肤和软组织感染的旅行者，气单胞菌和其他与水相关的病原体是需要考虑的重要因素。休闲水上活动通常与腹泻疾病有关，尤其是在儿童中，肠道病原体的范围包括细菌病原体，如大肠杆菌O157:H7和志贺氏菌属，以及原生动物寄生虫隐孢子虫和十二指肠贾第虫。虽然自由生活阿米巴感染罕见，但可导致暴发性中枢神经系统感染。接触淡水可能与多种感染有关，对于出现急性疾病的归国旅行者，考虑这些感染情况很重要。
