Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
Department of Nursing, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, 26-600 Radom, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 14;19(12):7308. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19127308.
Infections caused by exposure to opportunistic pathogens can cause serious health problems during recreational water use. The problem of diseases caused by microbes transmitted by water is a major public health challenge, especially in developing countries with economic problems and poor hygiene conditions. Moreover, the quality of water in natural reservoirs is often at a very low level in terms of microbiological water purity, which means that their use for recreational purposes, but also as a source of drinking water, may have serious health consequences. Recreational waters pose a threat to human health. Therefore, the quality of recreational waters is closely monitored in many jurisdictions. In this review, we summarize key information on the most common pathogens that can be water-based or waterborne. The issue of antimicrobial resistance among opportunistic pathogens remains equally important. It is important not only to fight pathogens, but also to take action to reduce chemical stressors (especially antibiotics) in the aquatic environment, and to understand the various mechanisms of the spread of antibiotic-resistant genes.
在娱乐性用水过程中，接触机会性病原体引起的感染可导致严重的健康问题。由水传播的微生物引起的疾病问题是一个主要的公共卫生挑战，特别是在经济问题和卫生条件差的发展中国家。此外，天然水库的水质在微生物水质纯度方面通常处于非常低的水平，这意味着它们用于娱乐目的，也用作饮用水源，可能会产生严重的健康后果。娱乐性用水对人类健康构成威胁。因此，许多司法管辖区都密切监测娱乐性用水的质量。在这篇综述中，我们总结了有关最常见病原体的关键信息，这些病原体可能是水基或水传播的。机会性病原体的抗微生物药物耐药性问题同样重要。不仅要对抗病原体，还要采取行动减少水生环境中的化学压力源（特别是抗生素），并了解抗生素耐药基因传播的各种机制。
