Santos Marcelo R Dos, Sayegh Ana L C, Armani Rafael, Costa-Hong Valéria, Souza Francis R de, Toschi-Dias Edgar, Bortolotto Luiz A, Yonamine Mauricio, Negrão Carlos E, Alves Maria-Janieire N N
Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR.
Toxicologia, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Sao Paulo, SP, BR.
Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2018 May 21;73:e226. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e226.
Misuse of anabolic androgenic steroids in athletes is a strategy used to enhance strength and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. However, its abuse leads to an imbalance in muscle sympathetic nerve activity, increased vascular resistance, and increased blood pressure. However, the mechanisms underlying these alterations are still unknown. Therefore, we tested whether anabolic androgenic steroids could impair resting baroreflex sensitivity and cardiac sympathovagal control. In addition, we evaluate pulse wave velocity to ascertain the arterial stiffness of large vessels.
Fourteen male anabolic androgenic steroid users and 12 nonusers were studied. Heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate were recorded. Baroreflex sensitivity was estimated by the sequence method, and cardiac autonomic control by analysis of the R-R interval. Pulse wave velocity was measured using a noninvasive automatic device.
Mean spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity, baroreflex sensitivity to activation of the baroreceptors, and baroreflex sensitivity to deactivation of the baroreceptors were significantly lower in users than in nonusers. In the spectral analysis of heart rate variability, high frequency activity was lower, while low frequency activity was higher in users than in nonusers. Moreover, the sympathovagal balance was higher in users. Users showed higher pulse wave velocity than nonusers showing arterial stiffness of large vessels. Single linear regression analysis showed significant correlations between mean blood pressure and baroreflex sensitivity and pulse wave velocity.
Our results provide evidence for lower baroreflex sensitivity and sympathovagal imbalance in anabolic androgenic steroid users. Moreover, anabolic androgenic steroid users showed arterial stiffness. Together, these alterations might be the mechanisms triggering the increased blood pressure in this population.
运动员滥用合成代谢雄激素类固醇是一种用于增强力量和骨骼肌肥大的策略。然而，其滥用会导致肌肉交感神经活动失衡、血管阻力增加和血压升高。然而，这些改变背后的机制仍然未知。因此，我们测试了合成代谢雄激素类固醇是否会损害静息压力反射敏感性和心脏交感迷走神经控制。此外，我们评估脉搏波速度以确定大血管的动脉僵硬度。
对14名合成代谢雄激素类固醇使用者和12名非使用者进行了研究。记录心率、血压和呼吸频率。通过序列法估计压力反射敏感性，通过分析R-R间期评估心脏自主神经控制。使用无创自动装置测量脉搏波速度。
使用者的平均自发压力反射敏感性、对压力感受器激活的压力反射敏感性以及对压力感受器失活的压力反射敏感性均显著低于非使用者。在心率变异性的频谱分析中，使用者的高频活动较低，而低频活动较高。此外，使用者的交感迷走平衡较高。使用者的脉搏波速度高于非使用者，表明大血管存在动脉僵硬度。单线性回归分析显示平均血压与压力反射敏感性和脉搏波速度之间存在显著相关性。
我们的结果为合成代谢雄激素类固醇使用者压力反射敏感性降低和交感迷走神经失衡提供了证据。此外，合成代谢雄激素类固醇使用者表现出动脉僵硬度。这些改变共同可能是引发该人群血压升高的机制。
