Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States.
Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States.
Eur J Pharm Sci. 2019 Jan 1;126:82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.05.020. Epub 2018 May 21.
Effective and safe treatment of auditory and vestibular diseases has become increasingly dependent on inner ear drug delivery systems. This review highlights recent advances in inner ear drug delivery research and technologies. The focus is on strategies to overcome delivery barriers and to improve drug residence and targeting, with special attention to in vivo animal and human studies. The research in gene and stem cell delivery to the inner ear is briefly reviewed. Newly developed research tools to address experimental challenges and safety issues are discussed. Local drug delivery to the inner ear with non-invasive or minimally invasive approaches still remains challenging. Nanocarrier-based systems with sustained and targeted delivery properties may be promising for future clinical applications. Precisely controlled intratympanic and intracochlear administration with minimized trauma to the delicate inner ear represents the future perspective in inner ear drug research and development. Trans-oval window delivery may be promising as it allows direct delivery of drugs to the vestibule for vestibular disorders while avoiding the undesired effects due to drug distribution to the cochlea.
有效且安全地治疗听觉和前庭疾病越来越依赖内耳药物输送系统。本文重点介绍了内耳药物输送研究和技术的最新进展。特别关注克服输送障碍以及提高药物滞留和靶向性的策略，同时关注体内动物和人体研究。简要回顾了内耳基因和干细胞输送的研究。讨论了新开发的研究工具，以解决实验挑战和安全问题。内耳局部药物输送仍具有挑战性，非侵入性或微创方法。具有持续和靶向输送特性的基于纳米载体的系统可能是未来临床应用的有前途的方法。以最小的创伤对内耳进行精确控制的鼓室内和耳蜗内给药代表了内耳药物研究和开发的未来展望。经圆窗(trans-oval window)给药可能很有前途，因为它可以将药物直接递送到前庭，用于治疗前庭疾病，同时避免由于药物分布到耳蜗而引起的不良影响。
