Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, United Kingdom.
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, United Kingdom.
Child Abuse Negl. 2018 Jul;81:343-353. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.05.008. Epub 2018 May 26.
Although childhood maltreatment is associated with long-term impairment, some children function well despite this adversity. This study aimed to identify the key protective factors for good educational attainment and positive emotional health in adolescents who experienced maltreatment in early childhood. Data were analyzed from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a large UK prospective cohort study. The sample was defined by maternally reported exposure to physical or emotional maltreatment by a parent prior to 5 years. 1118 (8.0%) children were emotionally maltreated and 375 (2.7%) were physically maltreated before the age of 5. There were too few cases of sexual abuse to be considered. Positive outcomes were operationalized as achieving 5 or more grade A*-C GCSE exam grades at 16 years and scores above the cohort median on the self-report Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale and Bachmann Self-Esteem Scale at 17.5 years. The associations of individual, family and community covariates with successful adaptation to the adversity of maltreatment were investigated using logistic regression. School related factors, including engagement in extracurricular activities, satisfaction with school and not being bullied were the most important in facilitating resilience in educational attainment, self-esteem and wellbeing. Good communication and social skills was the most protective individual trait. There was insufficient evidence to suggest that family factors were associated with resilience to maltreatment. School-based interventions are recommended to promote positive adaptation following parental maltreatment. Future research should evaluate outcomes across the life-course to understand whether the protective influences of school persist into adulthood.
尽管儿童期虐待会导致长期损伤，但有些儿童尽管经历了这种逆境，仍能正常成长。本研究旨在确定在儿童早期遭受虐待的青少年中，哪些关键保护因素有助于他们获得良好的教育成就和积极的情绪健康。本研究的数据来自英国阿冯纵向研究父母和儿童（Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children），这是一项大型的英国前瞻性队列研究。该样本由母亲报告的在 5 岁之前受到父母身体或情感虐待的情况定义。1118 名（8.0%）儿童受到情感虐待，375 名（2.7%）儿童受到身体虐待。由于性虐待的案例太少，无法进行考虑。积极的结果被定义为在 16 岁时获得 5 个或更多 A*-C 级普通中等教育证书（GCSE）成绩，以及在 17.5 岁时自我报告的沃里克-爱丁堡心理健康量表（Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale）和巴奇曼自尊量表（Bachmann Self-Esteem Scale）的得分高于队列中位数。使用逻辑回归调查了个体、家庭和社区协变量与成功适应虐待逆境之间的关联。与学校相关的因素，包括参与课外活动、对学校的满意度以及不被欺凌，是促进教育成就、自尊和幸福感方面适应力的最重要因素。良好的沟通和社交技能是最具保护作用的个体特征。没有足够的证据表明家庭因素与对虐待的适应力有关。建议开展基于学校的干预措施，以促进在遭受父母虐待后的积极适应。未来的研究应该评估整个生命周期的结果，以了解学校的保护影响是否会持续到成年期。
