中国黑龙江省褐家鼠（Rattus norvegicus）中隐孢子虫和肠微孢子虫的分子特征。
Molecular characterizations of Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) from Heilongjiang Province, China.
机构信息
Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University China, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Harbin, 150081, China.
出版信息
Parasit Vectors. 2018 May 24;11(1):313. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2892-7.
BACKGROUND
Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are prevalent zoonotic pathogens responsible for the high burden of diarrheal diseases worldwide. Rodents are globally overpopulated and are known as reservoirs or carriers of a variety of zoonotic pathogens including Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi. However, few data are available on genetic characterizations of both pathogens in rodents in China. The aim of the present work was to determine the prevalence and genetic characterizations of Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) from Heilongjiang, China.
METHODS
A total of 242 wild brown rats were captured in Heilongjiang Province of China. A fresh fecal specimen was collected directly from the intestinal and rectal content of each brown rat. All the fecal specimens were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi by PCR and sequencing of the partial small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene of the two pathogens, respectively.
RESULTS
The infection rate was 9.1% (22/242) for Cryptosporidium spp. and 7.9% (19/242) for E. bieneusi. Sequence analysis confirmed the presence of C. ubiquitum (1/22, 4.5%) and three genotypes of Cryptosporidium, including Cryptosporidium rat genotype I (14/22, 63.6%), Cryptosporidium rat genotype IV (6/22, 27.3%) and Cryptosporidium suis-like genotype (1/22, 4.5%). Meanwhile, two E. bieneusi genotypes were identified, including D (17/19, 89.5%) and Peru6 (2/19, 10.5%).
CONCLUSIONS
To the best of our knowledge, Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype Peru6 was identified in rodents for the first time globally and Cryptosporidium rat genotype I and Cryptosporidium rat genotype IV were found in rats in China for the first time. The finding of zoonotic C. ubiquitum and C. suis-like genotype, as well as E. bieneusi genotypes, suggests that brown rats pose a threat to human health. It is necessary to control brown rat population in the investigated areas and improve local people's awareness of the transmission risk of the two pathogens from brown rats to humans.
背景
隐孢子虫属和肠微孢子虫是常见的动物源性致病病原体，导致全球范围内腹泻疾病负担沉重。啮齿动物在全球范围内过度繁殖，是多种动物源性病原体的储存宿主或携带者，包括隐孢子虫属和肠微孢子虫。然而，关于中国啮齿动物中这两种病原体的遗传特征，数据很少。本研究的目的是确定中国黑龙江省褐家鼠中隐孢子虫属和肠微孢子虫的流行情况和遗传特征。
方法
从中国黑龙江省共采集 242 只野生褐家鼠。从每只褐家鼠的肠道和直肠内容物中采集新鲜粪便标本。通过 PCR 和测序，分别检测两种病原体的部分小亚单位（SSU）rRNA 基因和 rRNA 基因的内部转录间隔区（ITS），检测粪便标本中隐孢子虫属和肠微孢子虫的存在情况。
结果
隐孢子虫属的感染率为 9.1%（22/242），肠微孢子虫的感染率为 7.9%（19/242）。序列分析证实存在 1 种 C. ubiquitum（1/22，4.5%）和 3 种隐孢子虫基因型，包括鼠隐孢子虫基因型 I（14/22，63.6%）、鼠隐孢子虫基因型 IV（6/22，27.3%）和猪源隐孢子虫基因型（1/22，4.5%）。同时，鉴定出 2 种肠微孢子虫基因型，包括 D（17/19，89.5%）和 Peru6（2/19，10.5%）。
结论
据我们所知，肠微孢子虫 Peru6 基因型在全球范围内首次在啮齿动物中被发现，鼠隐孢子虫基因型 I 和鼠隐孢子虫基因型 IV 在中国首次在大鼠中被发现。隐孢子虫 C. ubiquitum 和猪源隐孢子虫基因型以及肠微孢子虫基因型的发现表明，褐家鼠对人类健康构成威胁。有必要控制调查地区的褐家鼠种群，并提高当地居民对这两种病原体从褐家鼠传播给人类的传播风险的认识。
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