Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
BMC Infect Dis. 2019 Sep 14;19(1):808. doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-4422-4.
Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Cryptosporidium spp. are prevalent zoonotic parasites associated with a high burden among children. To date only limited molecular epidemiological data on E. bieneusi and Cryptosporidium spp. in humans living in Thailand has been published.
PCR-based tools were used to detect and characterize E. bieneusi and Cryptosporidium spp. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene was used to investigate E. bieneusi, and the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene was used to investigate Cryptosporidium spp., and 697 fecal samples from villagers and school children in rural areas in Thailand were analyzed.
The infection rates were 2.15% (15/697) for E. bieneusi and 0.14% (1/697) for Cryptosporidium spp. The prevalence of E. bieneusi was significantly high in Loei province. Sequence analysis indicated that the Cryptosporidium isolate was C. parvum. Nine E. bieneusi genotypes were identified, EbpC, Peru12, TMH6, TMH3, TMH7, H, D, and two novel genotypes TMLH1 and TMLH2. E. bieneusi prevalence was significantly higher in male participants than in female participants, and in children aged 3-15 years than in participants aged > 15 years.
The prevalence, genotypes, and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi were found to vary significantly high even in one country. Transmission routes and key animal carriers of E. bieneusi may be associated with differences in hygiene, sanitation, and cultural behaviors. Further molecular studies including longitudinal studies will be required to unveil epidemiological characteristics of these opportunistic intestinal protozoa in all over the countries.
肠微孢子虫和隐孢子虫是常见的动物源性寄生虫，在儿童中负担沉重。迄今为止，仅有限的有关生活在泰国的人类中肠微孢子虫和隐孢子虫的分子流行病学数据已发表。
使用基于 PCR 的工具检测和鉴定肠微孢子虫和隐孢子虫。rRNA 基因的内部转录间隔区（ITS）用于鉴定肠微孢子虫，小亚基（SSU）rRNA 基因用于鉴定隐孢子虫，分析了来自泰国农村地区村民和学童的 697 份粪便样本。
肠微孢子虫的感染率为 2.15％（15/697），隐孢子虫的感染率为 0.14％（1/697）。在黎府省，肠微孢子虫的流行率明显较高。序列分析表明，该隐孢子虫分离株为 C. parvum。鉴定出 9 种肠微孢子虫基因型，分别为 EbpC、Peru12、TMH6、TMH3、TMH7、H、D 和两种新型基因型 TMLH1 和 TMLH2。男性参与者的肠微孢子虫感染率明显高于女性参与者，3-15 岁的儿童参与者的感染率明显高于> 15 岁的参与者。
即使在一个国家内，肠微孢子虫的流行率、基因型和人畜共患潜力也存在明显差异。肠微孢子虫的传播途径和主要动物携带者可能与卫生、环境卫生和文化行为的差异有关。需要进一步进行包括纵向研究在内的分子研究，以揭示这些机会性肠道原生动物在所有国家的流行病学特征。
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