Tolnay Stewart E, Beck E M, Sass Victoria
Department of Sociology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Independent Researcher, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
Soc Sci Res. 2018 Jul;73:13-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.03.011. Epub 2018 Apr 6.
The Great Migration and the Civil Rights Movement were two pivotal events experienced by the southern African American population during the 20th Century. Each has received considerable attention by social scientists and historians, and a possible connection between the two phenomena has been speculated. However, no systematic investigation of the effect of migration on protest during the Jim Crow era has been conducted. In this study we use data for 333 southern communities to examine the relationship between youthful black migration between 1950 and 1960 and the occurrence of sit-ins early in 1960. We find a strong positive, non-linear, relationship between net-migration and the likelihood of a sit-in which can be explained by two sets of mediating influences: local demographic conditions and local organizational presence. Our findings offer strong empirical support for an association between southern black migration and protest during Jim Crow and suggest the value of considering the influence of demographic forces on collective action.
大迁移和民权运动是20世纪美国南部非裔美国人经历的两个关键事件。社会科学家和历史学家都对它们给予了相当多的关注,并且有人推测这两种现象之间可能存在联系。然而,尚未有人对吉姆·克劳时代移民对抗议活动的影响进行系统调查。在本研究中,我们使用333个南部社区的数据,来检验1950年至1960年间年轻黑人移民与1960年初静坐示威发生之间的关系。我们发现净移民与静坐示威可能性之间存在强烈的正相关、非线性关系,这可以由两组中介影响来解释:当地人口状况和当地组织的存在。我们的研究结果为吉姆·克劳时期南部黑人移民与抗议活动之间的关联提供了有力的实证支持,并表明考虑人口因素对集体行动的影响具有重要价值。