Section on the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2018 Jul;19(7):404-417. doi: 10.1038/s41583-018-0013-4.
The estimated values of choices, and therefore decision-making based on those values, are influenced by both the chance that the chosen items or goods can be obtained (availability) and their current worth (desirability) as well as by the ability to link the estimated values to choices (a process sometimes called credit assignment). In primates, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been thought to contribute to each of these processes; however, causal relationships between particular subdivisions of the PFC and specific functions have been difficult to establish. Recent lesion-based research studies have defined the roles of two different parts of the primate PFC - the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the ventral lateral frontal cortex (VLFC) - and their subdivisions in evaluating each of these factors and in mediating credit assignment during reward-based decision-making.
选择的估计值，以及基于这些值的决策，受到所选物品或商品获得的可能性（可得性）及其当前价值（吸引力）的影响，以及将估计值与选择联系起来的能力（有时称为信用分配）的影响。在灵长类动物中，前额叶皮层（PFC）被认为对这些过程都有贡献；然而，PFC 的特定细分与特定功能之间的因果关系一直难以建立。最近基于病变的研究定义了灵长类动物 PFC 的两个不同部分——眶额皮层（OFC）和腹外侧额皮层（VLFC）及其细分在评估这些因素中的作用，以及在基于奖励的决策中进行信用分配的作用。
