Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
Cell Biol Toxicol. 2018 Oct;34(5):351-365. doi: 10.1007/s10565-018-9430-4. Epub 2018 May 23.
The chromosomes in eukaryotic cells are highly folded and organized to form dynamic three-dimensional (3D) structures. In recent years, many technologies including chromosome conformation capture (3C) and 3C-based technologies (Hi-C, ChIA-PET) have been developed to investigate the 3D structure of chromosomes. These technologies are enabling research on how gene regulatory events are affected by the 3D genome structure, which is increasingly implicated in the regulation of gene expression and cellular functions. Importantly, many diseases are associated with genetic variations, most of which are located in non-coding regions. However, it is difficult to determine the mechanisms by which these variations lead to diseases. With 3D genome technologies, we can now better determine the consequences of non-coding genome alterations via their impact on chromatin interactions and structures in cancer and other diseases. In this review, we introduce the various 3D genome technologies, with a focus on their application to cancer and disease research, as well as future developments to extend their utility.
真核细胞中的染色体高度折叠和组织，形成动态的三维（3D）结构。近年来，已经开发出许多技术，包括染色体构象捕获（3C）和基于 3C 的技术（Hi-C、ChIA-PET），用于研究染色体的 3D 结构。这些技术使研究基因调控事件如何受 3D 基因组结构影响成为可能，而 3D 基因组结构越来越多地参与基因表达和细胞功能的调控。重要的是，许多疾病与遗传变异有关，其中大多数位于非编码区域。然而，确定这些变异导致疾病的机制具有挑战性。借助 3D 基因组技术，我们现在可以更好地通过它们对癌症和其他疾病中染色质相互作用和结构的影响来确定非编码基因组改变的后果。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了各种 3D 基因组技术，重点介绍了它们在癌症和疾病研究中的应用，以及未来扩展其用途的发展。
