Psychological Neuroscience Lab - CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2018 Jun;43(2):143-151. doi: 10.1007/s10484-018-9394-4.
Our minds are continuously alternating between external attention (EA) and mind wandering (MW). An appropriate balance between EA and MW is important for promoting efficient perceptual processing, executive functioning, decision-making, auto-biographical memory, and creativity. There is evidence that EA processes are associated with increased activity in high-frequency EEG bands (e.g., SMR), contrasting with the dominance of low-frequency bands during MW (e.g., Theta). The aim of the present study was to test the effects of two distinct single session real-time EEG (rtEEG) protocols (SMR up-training/Theta down-training-SMR⇑Theta⇓; Theta up-training/SMR down-training-Theta⇑SMR⇓) on EA and MW processes. Thirty healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to one of two rtEEG training protocols (SMR⇑Theta⇓; Theta⇑SMR⇓). Before and after the rtEEG training, participants completed the attention network task (ANT) along with several MW measures. Both training protocols were effective in increasing SMR (SMR⇑Theta⇓) and theta (Theta⇑SMR⇓) amplitudes but not in decreasing the amplitude of down-trained bands. There were no significant effects of the rtEEG training in either EA or MW measures. However, there was a significant positive correlation between post-training SMR increases and the use of deliberate MW (rather than spontaneous) strategies. Additionally, for the Theta⇑SMR⇓ protocol, increase in post-training Theta amplitude was significantly associated with a decreased efficiency in the orientation network.
我们的思维在外部注意（EA）和思维漫游（MW）之间不断转换。EA 和 MW 之间的适当平衡对于促进有效的感知处理、执行功能、决策、自传体记忆和创造力非常重要。有证据表明，EA 过程与高频 EEG 波段（如 SMR）的活动增加有关，而在 MW 期间低频波段（如 Theta）占主导地位。本研究的目的是测试两种不同的单次实时 EEG（rtEEG）方案（SMR 上调/Theta 下调-SMR↑Theta↓；Theta 上调/SMR 下调-Theta↑SMR↓）对 EA 和 MW 过程的影响。30 名健康志愿者被随机分配到两种 rtEEG 训练方案（SMR↑Theta↓；Theta↑SMR↓）之一。在 rtEEG 训练前后，参与者完成了注意网络任务（ANT）以及几项 MW 测量。两种训练方案都有效地增加了 SMR（SMR↑Theta↓）和 theta（Theta↑SMR↓）的幅度，但没有降低被训练波段的幅度。rtEEG 训练对 EA 或 MW 测量均无显著影响。然而，在训练后的 SMR 增加与使用深思熟虑的 MW（而不是自发的）策略之间存在显著的正相关。此外，对于 Theta↑SMR↓方案，训练后 Theta 幅度的增加与定向网络效率的降低显著相关。
