Helfer Karen S, Freyman Richard L, Merchant Gabrielle R
a Department of Communication Disorders , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , MA , USA.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Sep;57(9):695-702. doi: 10.1080/14992027.2018.1475756. Epub 2018 May 25.
To examine benefit from immediate repetition of a masked speech message in younger, middle-aged and older adults.
Participants listened to sentences in conditions where only the target message was repeated, and when both the target message and its accompanying masker (noise or speech) were repeated. In a follow-up experiment, the effect of repetition was evaluated using a square-wave modulated noise masker to compare benefit when listeners were exposed to the same glimpses of the target message during first and second presentation versus when the glimpses differed.
Younger, middle-aged and older adults (n = 16/group) for the main experiment; 15 younger adults for the follow-up experiment.
Repetition benefit was larger when the target but not the masker was repeated for all groups. This was especially true for older adults, suggesting that these individuals may be more negatively affected when a background message is repeated. Data obtained using noise maskers suggest that it is slightly more beneficial when listeners hear different (versus identical) portions of speech between initial presentation and repetition.
Although subtle age-related differences were found in some conditions, results confirm that repetition is an effective repair strategy for listeners spanning the adult age range.
研究在年轻人、中年人和老年人中即时重复隐蔽语音信息的益处。
参与者在仅重复目标信息以及目标信息及其伴随掩蔽音（噪声或语音）均重复的条件下收听句子。在一项后续实验中，使用方波调制噪声掩蔽音评估重复的效果，以比较听众在首次和第二次呈现时接触相同的目标信息片段与片段不同时的益处。
主要实验的参与者为年轻人、中年人和老年人（每组n = 16）；后续实验的参与者为15名年轻人。
对于所有组，当仅重复目标信息而不重复掩蔽音时，重复益处更大。这在老年人中尤为明显，表明当背景信息重复时，这些个体可能受到的负面影响更大。使用噪声掩蔽音获得的数据表明，听众在初次呈现和重复之间听到不同（而非相同）的语音部分时，益处略多。
尽管在某些条件下发现了与年龄相关的细微差异，但结果证实，重复是一种适用于所有成年年龄段听众的有效修复策略。
