Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Eggenreuther Weg 43, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany; Food Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy - Emil Fischer Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
Research Group Christiansen, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109 Berlin, Germany; Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
Water Res. 2018 Sep 15;141:307-316. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.05.027. Epub 2018 May 16.
Up to now, only a few studies about microparticle contamination of bottled mineral water have been published. The smallest analysed particle size was 5 μm. However, due to toxicological reasons, especially microparticles smaller than 1.5 μm are critically discussed. Therefore, in the present study, 32 samples of bottled mineral water were investigated for contamination by microplastics, pigment and additive particles. Due to the application of aluminium coated polycarbonate membrane filters and micro-Raman spectroscopy, a lowest analysed particle size of 1 μm was achieved. Microplastics were found in water from all bottle types: in single use and reusable bottles made of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) as well as in glass bottles. The amount of microplastics in mineral water varied from 2649 ± 2857 per litre in single use PET bottles up to 6292 ± 10521 per litre in glass bottles. While in plastic bottles, the predominant polymer type was PET; in glass bottles various polymers such as polyethylene or styrene-butadiene-copolymer were found. Hence, besides the packaging itself, other contamination sources have to be considered. Pigment particles were detected in high amounts in reusable, paper labelled bottles (195047 ± 330810 pigment particles per litre in glass and 23594 ± 25518 pigment particles per litre in reusable paper labelled PET bottles). Pigment types found in water samples were the same as used for label printing, indicating the bottle cleaning process as possible contamination route. Furthermore, on average 708 ± 1024 particles per litre of the additive Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite were found in reusable PET bottles. This additive might be leached out from the bottle material itself. Over 90% of the detected microplastics and pigment particles were smaller than 5 μm and thus not covered by previous studies. In summary, this is the first study reporting about microplastics, pigment and additive particles found in bottled mineral water samples with a smallest analysed particle size of 1 μm.
到目前为止，只有少数关于瓶装矿泉水微粒污染的研究发表。分析的最小粒径为 5μm。然而，由于毒理学原因，特别是粒径小于 1.5μm 的微粒受到了严格的讨论。因此，在本研究中，对 32 个瓶装矿泉水样本进行了微塑料、颜料和添加剂颗粒的污染调查。由于采用了涂铝聚碳酸酯膜过滤器和微拉曼光谱，实现了最低分析粒径 1μm。在所有类型的瓶装水中都发现了微塑料：在一次性和可重复使用的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）瓶以及玻璃瓶中。矿泉水中小微塑料的含量从一次性 PET 瓶中的 2649±2857 个/升至玻璃瓶中的 6292±10521 个/升不等。而在塑料瓶中，主要的聚合物类型是 PET；在玻璃瓶中发现了各种聚合物，如聚乙烯或苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物。因此，除了包装本身，还必须考虑其他污染来源。在可重复使用的纸质标签瓶中发现了大量的颜料颗粒（玻璃瓶中为 195047±330810 个/升，可重复使用的纸质标签 PET 瓶中为 23594±25518 个/升）。水样中发现的颜料类型与标签印刷所用的颜料类型相同，表明清洗瓶子的过程可能是污染的途径之一。此外，在可重复使用的 PET 瓶中，平均每升发现 708±1024 个/升的添加剂三（2,4-二叔丁基苯基）亚磷酸酯。这种添加剂可能是从瓶材料本身浸出的。超过 90%的检测到的微塑料和颜料颗粒小于 5μm，因此不在之前的研究范围内。综上所述，这是首次报道在瓶装矿泉水样品中发现最小粒径为 1μm 的微塑料、颜料和添加剂颗粒的研究。
