School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, P.R. China.
School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, P.R. China.
Chemistry. 2018 Nov 27;24(66):17389-17396. doi: 10.1002/chem.201801767. Epub 2018 Oct 1.
Biological organisms have evolved over millions of years to generate tremendously complex structures on a nanometer to micrometer scale. Among them, a range of three-dimensional (3D) biological photonic structures with minimal surface or constant mean curvature surfaces have been discovered in the wing scales of insects, attracting a great deal of interest because of their unique optical properties, such as structural color, antireflection, light collection, and photonic band gaps. Single-diamond and single-gyroid surface structures are considered to be excellent photonic crystals with complete band gaps. Although the corresponding bicontinuous architectures have been synthesized by self-assembly, single-framework structures are thermodynamically unfavorable and have been only achieved by physical fabrications and the alternating gyroid method. The production of materials derived from the thermodynamically stable double-framework structures provides a feasible solution for their chemical construction. This concept article highlights the significant progress in understanding 3D photonic structures by shifting double-frameworks to form low-symmetry structures, the physical properties of which can be greatly altered. Specifically, a complete photonic band gap can be achieved via a shifted double-diamond structure composed of materials with high dielectric contrast and high refractive index. We believe this concept will provide new insights in interdisciplinary research areas including the study of photonic structures, the self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules and the formation of biological architectures.
生物有机体经过数百万年的进化，能够在纳米到微米的尺度上产生极其复杂的结构。其中，昆虫翅膀鳞片上发现了一系列具有最小表面或恒定平均曲率表面的三维（3D）生物光子结构，由于其独特的光学性质，如结构色、抗反射、光收集和光子带隙，引起了极大的兴趣。单金刚石和单 gyroid 表面结构被认为是具有完整带隙的优秀光子晶体。尽管相应的双连续结构已经通过自组装合成，但单框架结构在热力学上是不利的，只能通过物理制造和交替 gyroid 方法来实现。从热力学稳定的双框架结构衍生的材料的生产为它们的化学构建提供了可行的解决方案。本文重点介绍了通过将双框架转移到形成低对称结构来理解 3D 光子结构的重要进展，这些结构的物理性质可以得到极大的改变。具体来说，可以通过由具有高介电对比度和高折射率的材料组成的移位双金刚石结构来实现完全的光子带隙。我们相信，这个概念将为包括光子结构研究、两亲分子自组装和生物结构形成在内的多学科研究领域提供新的见解。
