Vollavanh Lydia R, O'Day Kathleen M, Koehling Elizabeth M, May James M, Breedlove Katherine M, Breedlove Evan L, Nauman Eric A, Bradney Debbie A, Eric Goff J, Bowman Thomas G
1 University of Lynchburg.
2 University of Idaho.
J Appl Biomech. 2018 Oct 1;34(5):396-402. doi: 10.1123/jab.2017-0231. Epub 2018 Oct 11.
Quantifying head impacts is a vital component to understanding and preventing head trauma in sport. Our objective was to establish the frequency and magnitude of head impact mechanisms in men's lacrosse athletes. Eleven male lacrosse athletes wore xPatch sensors during activity. Video footage of practices and games was analyzed to verify impacts and code them with impact mechanisms. The authors calculated incidence rates (IRs) per 1000 exposures with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and used multivariate analysis of variances to compare the linear (g) and rotational (rad/s) accelerations between mechanisms. A total of 167 head impacts were successfully verified and coded with a mechanism using video footage during 542 total exposures. The highest IR was head to body (IR = 118.08; 95% CI, 89.15-147.01), and the lowest was head to ball (IR = 3.69; 95% CI, 0-8.80) (incidence rate ratio = 32.00; 95% CI, 67.83-130.73). Analysis indicated that impact mechanism failed to significantly alter the combined dependent variables (multivariate F = 1.79, P = .06, η = .06, 1-β = 0.83). While head to head, body to head, and stick to head mechanisms are penalty-inducing offenses in men's lacrosse, head to ground, head to ball, and combination impacts have similar head accelerations. If penalties and rules are created to protect players from traumatic head injury, the authors recommend stricter enforcement.
量化头部撞击是理解和预防运动中头部创伤的重要组成部分。我们的目标是确定男子长曲棍球运动员头部撞击机制的频率和强度。11名男子长曲棍球运动员在活动期间佩戴xPatch传感器。对训练和比赛的视频片段进行分析，以核实撞击情况并根据撞击机制进行编码。作者计算了每1000次暴露的发病率（IR）及相应的95%置信区间（CI），并使用多变量方差分析比较不同机制之间的线性加速度（g）和旋转加速度（rad/s）。在总共542次暴露期间，共成功核实了167次头部撞击，并通过视频片段根据一种机制进行了编码。最高的发病率是头部与身体接触（IR = 118.08；95% CI，89.15 - 147.01），最低的是头部与球接触（IR = 3.69；95% CI，0 - 8.80）（发病率比 = 32.00；95% CI，67.83 - 130.73）。分析表明，撞击机制未能显著改变组合因变量（多变量F = 1.79，P = 0.06，η = 0.06，1 - β = 0.83）。虽然在男子长曲棍球中，头部与头部、身体与头部以及球杆与头部的机制属于可判罚的犯规行为，但头部与地面、头部与球以及组合撞击产生的头部加速度相似。如果制定处罚措施和规则以保护球员免受创伤性头部损伤，作者建议加强执法力度。
