Javaloyes Alejandro, Sarabia Jose Manuel, Lamberts Robert Patrick, Moya-Ramon Manuel
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2019 Jan 1;14(1):23-32. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0122.
Road cycling is a sport with extreme physiological demands. Therefore, there is a need to find new strategies to improve performance. Heart-rate variability (HRV) has been suggested as an effective alternative for prescribing training load against predefined training programs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of training prescription based on HRV in road cycling performance.
Seventeen well-trained cyclists participated in this study. After an initial evaluation week, cyclists performed 4 baseline weeks of standardized training to establish their resting HRV. Then, cyclists were divided into 2 groups, an HRV-guided group and a traditional periodization group, and they carried out 8 training weeks. Cyclists performed 2 evaluation weeks, after and before a training week. During the evaluation weeks, cyclists performed a graded exercise test to assess maximal oxygen uptake, peak power output, and ventilatory thresholds with their corresponding power output (VT1, VT2, WVT1, and WVT2, respectively) and a 40-min simulated time trial.
The HRV-guided group improved peak power output (5.1% [4.5%]; P = .024), WVT2 (13.9% [8.8%]; P = .004), and 40-min all-out time trial (7.3% [4.5%]; P = .005). Maximal oxygen uptake and WVT1 remained similar. The traditional periodization group did not improve significantly after the training week. There were no differences between groups. However, magnitude-based inference analysis showed likely beneficial and possibly beneficial effects for the HRV-guided group instead of the traditional periodization group in 40-min all-out time trial and peak power output, respectively.
Daily training prescription based on HRV could result in a better performance enhancement than a traditional periodization in well-trained cyclists.
公路自行车运动对生理要求极高。因此，有必要寻找新的策略来提高运动表现。心率变异性（HRV）已被建议作为一种有效的替代方法，用于根据预定义的训练计划规定训练负荷。本研究的目的是检验基于HRV的训练处方对公路自行车运动表现的影响。
17名训练有素的自行车运动员参与了本研究。在初始评估周之后，自行车运动员进行了4周的标准化训练以建立其静息HRV。然后，将自行车运动员分为两组，即HRV指导组和传统周期化训练组，他们进行了8周的训练。自行车运动员在一个训练周前后各进行2周的评估。在评估周期间，自行车运动员进行了分级运动测试，以评估最大摄氧量、峰值功率输出以及相应功率输出下的通气阈值（分别为VT1、VT2、WVT1和WVT2）以及40分钟的模拟计时赛。
HRV指导组的峰值功率输出提高了5.1%[4.5%]；P = 0.024），WVT2提高了13.9%[8.8%]；P = 0.004），40分钟全力计时赛成绩提高了7.3%[4.5%]；P = 0.005）。最大摄氧量和WVT1保持相似。传统周期化训练组在训练周后没有显著改善。两组之间没有差异。然而，基于量级的推断分析表明，在40分钟全力计时赛和峰值功率输出方面，HRV指导组分别可能比传统周期化训练组有有益和可能有益的效果。
在训练有素的自行车运动员中，基于HRV的每日训练处方可能比传统周期化训练带来更好的运动表现提升。
