Bullock Marc D, Silva Andreia M, Kanlikilicer-Unaldi Pinar, Filant Justyna, Rashed Mohammed H, Sood Anil K, Lopez-Berestein Gabriel, Calin George A
Cancer sciences unit, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
Department of Surgery, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
Noncoding RNA. 2015 Jun 3;1(1):53-68. doi: 10.3390/ncrna1010053.
Non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, are important regulatory molecules which are corrupted in cancer, often in a tissue and stage specific manner. Accumulated data suggests that these promising biomarkers, may also form the basis of novel targeted therapeutic strategies. The role of exosomes in cancer development and metastasis pathways is also increasingly well described. These endosome derived extracellular vesicles which are trafficked horizontally between tumor cells, and vertically between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment, carry bioactive cargos, which can reprogram the phenotype of recipient cells with important oncogenic consequences. Exosomes are enriched with non-coding RNA content. Within exosomes, non-coding RNAs are secreted into the peripheral circulation and other bodily fluids where they are protected from enzymatic degradation by the surrounding phospholipid membrane. Exosomes are therefore a highly promising source of diagnostic and prognostic material in cancer. Furthermore, as exosomes are natural ncRNA carriers, they may be adapted for the purpose of drug delivery by the introduction of exogenous ncRNAs or by manipulating their endogenous ncRNA content. In the current review, we will explore these highly clinically relevant themes by examining the roles of exosomal ncRNAs in cancer diagnostics, prognostics and therapy.
非编码RNA，如微小RNA和长链非编码RNA，是重要的调控分子，在癌症中常以组织和阶段特异性的方式发生异常。积累的数据表明，这些有前景的生物标志物也可能构成新型靶向治疗策略的基础。外泌体在癌症发展和转移途径中的作用也越来越多地得到描述。这些源自内体的细胞外囊泡在肿瘤细胞之间水平运输，在肿瘤细胞与周围微环境之间垂直运输，携带生物活性物质，可重编程受体细胞的表型，产生重要的致癌后果。外泌体富含非编码RNA。在外泌体中，非编码RNA被分泌到外周循环和其他体液中，在那里它们受到周围磷脂膜的保护，免受酶降解。因此，外泌体是癌症诊断和预后材料的极有前景的来源。此外，由于外泌体是天然的非编码RNA载体，通过引入外源性非编码RNA或操纵其内源性非编码RNA含量，它们可能适用于药物递送目的。在本综述中，我们将通过研究外泌体非编码RNA在癌症诊断、预后和治疗中的作用来探讨这些高度临床相关的主题。
